Measuring globalization and environmental performance of Turkish manufacturing industries: A comparative analysis of sustainability

In today's world of globalization and free market economy countries are facing much more competition than ever before. Competition in any industry is not only within its own national boundaries, but also in an international market with different companies of different countries. In the industrial globalization process, competition as well as effective use of resources needs to be done in a way that does not damage the environment places great importance in terms of sustainability. In this thesis, the industrial globalization level has been measured identifying thirteen industries of manufacturing sector. Additionally, the environmental performance of these manufacturing industries has been measured applying the "data envelopment analysis" program. In the final analysis, the results of the industrial globalization and environmental performance level has been used to measure the sustainability of manufacturing sector along with other social indicators through the "analytic hierarchy process". The overall comparison has been done based on ten countries which are classified as "emerging industrial economies" by the UNCTAD. Although the country composite industrial globalization level of Turkey is indicated as "integrated global" (highest level) yet its position is 4th regarding environmental performance in consideration of eco-efficiency level with a score of 0.042 which is higher than other countries like India, South Africa and Argentina. The reason behind this can be attributed to the high emission of Greenhouse gases during the industrial production processes. In the context of social welfare Turkey placed 3rd based on compensation of employees. Turkey also ranked 4th in terms of overall sustainability of its manufacturing sector with a value of 7.6 percent. On the basis of our results, Mexico is found to be the most sustainable country relating to the sustainability of manufacturing sector.