Meaning analysis of the concepts of water and bread in Turkish and German phrasemes

Language is a natural communication system in which people express their feelings and thoughts. In general, people reflect the way they perceive the world, as well as what is happening around them, in the language they speak. They use formulaic phrases, especially in conveying certain situations. Phrases are fancy and concise expressions that reflect the cultural characteristics of the society in which they are used. Such expressions, which are often used outside their real meaning, are difficult to understand in foreign language teaching. However, every foreign language learner who wants to communicate in accordance with the norms in the target language needs to know such expressions. For this study, which is limited to phrasemes containing two important concepts of food necessary for life, metaphorical expressions containing water and bread in Turkish and German cultures were first scanned and identified by the scanning method, and then compared with the comparative linguistics method. As a result of the scanning, 101 water in Turkish; A total of 121 phrasemes containing 20 bread concepts; In German, there are 46 Wasser; A total of 188 phrasemes were identified, 67 of which contained the concept of Brot, 21 of which were identified. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the majority of the phrasemes created with the concepts of water in both languages had a negative meaning, while those created with the concept of bread had a positive meaning. In addition, it has been determined that most of the phrasemes are used metaphorically and a few of them are used literally. In addition, it was determined that the phrasemes examined in the target languages consisted of at least 2 and at most 9 words. Although the existence of grammatical single-word phrasemes is known, it has been determined that the concepts of water and bread are not used as single phraseme in both languages. This study consists of five main sections. In the first part; The problem, importance, purpose, literature review, method and limitations of the study are included. In the second part; In foreign language teaching, general information about phrase and phraseme, phraseology, properties of phrasemes, figures of speech used in phrasemes, as well as meaning and semantics are included. In the third part; The methods used to detect the concepts of water and bread used in Turkish and German phrasemes are mentioned. Then, phrasemes created using these concepts were identified in both languages. In the fourth part; The analysis of these detected phrasemes is included. In the last section, the conclusions and discussion regarding the identified phrasemes are included. Keywords: Phrase, Phraseme, Phraseology, Turkish, German