Determination of morphological, agronamical and quality properties of turkish summerflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) populations

In recent years, one of the most substantial exports geophyte species is Leucojum aestivum L. which is the only natural species of the genus Leucojum in Turkey. Summerflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) are used as both medicinal and ornamental plants in the world. The aim of this study was the identification of summerflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) populations in Turkey, to evaluate the adaptation of these populations defined in culture conditions. For this purpose, the samples of populations whose morphological characteristics, galanthamine and lycorine ratios were determined in their natural environments were cultivated in İstanbul and their morphological and agricultural properties, galanthamine and lycorine alkaloids were examined. Plant collections were carried out in total 8 province (İstanbul, Bursa, Sakarya, Yalova, Bolu, Kırklareli, Samsun and Konya) in the spring term of 2016 and a total of 2825 bulbs were collected from 16 populations. Field trials were established based on 2 factors, 16 different populations and 4 different bulb perimeter lengths of bulbs belonging to these populations (1st size: 4-6 cm, 2nd size: 6-8 cm, 3rd size: 8-10 cm and 4th size: 10-12 cm) in the winter growing period of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 in Beykoz, İstanbul. In the trials in which the avarage number of leaves, flowers, fruits, offspring bulb and main bulb cimcumference increase determined plant height, main bulb perimeter and bulb weight were evaluated statistically. The effects of populations, bulb sizes and population x bulb size interactions were significant on these traits. The highest plant height was measured in the 4th bulb size of the L10 (İstanbul/Çatalca) population as 40,00 cm in the first year, in the second year it was measured at the 4rd onion size of the L5 population (Bursa/ Karacabey) as 43,60 cm.. The highest bulb perimeter length was measured as 12,58 cm in the 4th bulb size of the 10th population (L10 İstanbul Çatalca) in the first year and, it was 11,90 cm in the 4th bulb size of the 3rd population (L3 İstanbul Beykoz H.) in the second year. The highest bulb weight was measured as 30,52 g in size 4 of the L10 (İstanbul/Çatalca) in the first year and 25,46 g in size 4 of the L5 (Bursa/Karacabey) in the second year. In the measurements made from nature, the plant height was measured in the L4 (Sakarya/Kaynarca) with the highest 88,10 cm and the highest bulb perimeter length was measured in the L3 (İstanbul/Riva/Hüseyinli) with 11,40 cm. The highest galanthamine content in the plant samples taken from the natural areas of the populations was %0,270 in the upper part of the L6 (Yalova/Çınarcık/Delmece) and the highest lycorine value was found as %0,440 in the bulb part of the L4 (Sakarya/Kaynarca). In culture conditions, the highest galanthamine content was found as %0,304 in the upper part of the L11 (Yalova/Karlik), the highest lycorine was found as %0,467 in the bulb part of the L7 (Konya/Gölyaka) and %0,339 in the bulb part of the L4 (Sakarya/Kaynarca). As a result, it has been determined that populations can include alkaloid contents in their natural conditions at similar rates in culture conditions.