The 200 years of industrialization in Turkey: Continuities and transformations

In this study, firstly, 200 years of industrialization in Turkey examined within the framework of long waves of crisis and continuities/transformations in the capitalist world system as well. Second, in this study, the transformations of large industrial enterprises where the industrial capital is centralized in Turkey whether reflect the general structural characteristics of Turkey's manufacturing industy has been investigated. The theoretical background of the study is based on a synthesis of world systems analysis systemized by Wallerstein. The analysis of 200 years of industrialization are discussed several dimensions: generel overview of world system and Turkey, and overview of both conceptual and structural analysis of industrialization regarding the following sub-periods 1873-1929, 1929-1973, 1973-2008 and 2008-2017. The analysis of Turkey's Top 500 Industrial Enterprises (1968-2017) was formed around continuity, public-private and foreign capital, regional trends, concentration dimensions. Main findings of the study reveals that even if the production and accumulation processes have changed in the core countries, the form of incorporation has been not changed, furthermore the possibilities and constraints of accumulation based on industrial capital are shaped in a re-defined framework and initiative environment within the framework of the organization model of the state transformed during each crisis as industrialization is considered as a superstructure problem over the 200 years. Crisis of accumulation in core create a systemic shock effect throughout the world system and Turkey also experience long waves and cycles parallel to the general trend. However Turkey has not a kind of production processes spesific to core countries, crisis was delayed affect on manufactuing with different channels like limitations of external financing, contraction of export, rising input costs. Turkey, despite the industrialization efforts in different sub-periods, is a market for available manufactures and technologies of core countries, and also an/a user and producer of the largely abandoned rechnologies and manufactures that belong to previous industrial wave of core.