The investigation on the genetic structures and phylogenetic relationships of the species of the genus Anthriscus pers.(Apiaceae) distribution in Turkey, by use of non - coding "trn" regions of chloroplast genome

The genus Anthriscus Pers. (Apiaceae/Umbelliferae) species belongs to the family Apiaceae and is represented by 16 species on the world and by 8 species in our country. In this study, the aim is to determine the genetic proximity or remoteness of Anthriscus species in Turkey, to reveal the lines of descent with evolutions, systematics and phylogenetic relations among species by using the series analysis information of uncodified transfer ribonucleic acid section (trnL-F) in chloroplast genome. DNA was isolated from the leaves of 48 individuals belonging to the species of the genus Anthriscus in Turkey by CTAB method and isolated genomic DNA was multiplied in PCR by using e-f primaries of trnL-F section. The obtained data was evaluated by Mega 5.1 program and phylogenetic tree was prepared by using Maximum Parsimony method. According to the phylogenetic tree that we prepared by using the sequence line up of trnL-F section, it was observed that the species A. cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., A. caucalis M.-Bieb. and A. tenerrima Boiss. & Spruner completed their speciations and an isolation with other species in terms of speciation was provided. A. sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. subsp. nemorosa (M.-Bieb.) Koso-Pol. and A. sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. subsp. sylvestris accepted as two different subspecies of the species A. sylvestris are genetically well isolated from each other, there is no hybridization between them in any way and Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. and Anthriscus nemorosa (Bieb.) Sprengel are two different species as accepted by many scientists. Our results revealed that the subspecies A. sylvestris subsp. nemorosa is genetically releated with the species A. lamprocarpa rather than the subspecies A. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris. It has been observed that the taxa A. sylvestris subsp. nemorosa, A. lamprocarpa Boiss. subsp. lamprocarpa and A. lamprocarpa Boiss. subsp. chelikii Tekin & Civelek are likely to have a gene flow between themselves through hybridization that one of the vertical gene transfer pathways, and they have not compleated their speciations yet. In a previous revision study based on the morphological and anatomical data conducted by Tekin ve Civelek (2013), it has been reported that A. lamprocarpa subsp. chelikii as a new taxon which is one of two different subspecies of the species A. lamprocarpa has also been shown really a new subspecies by results of our study based on molecular data. However, we suggest the rearrangement of the three known populations of the species A. lamprocarpa in Turkey at the level of infraspecific categories: Osmaniye population need to exclude from the subspecies A. lamprocarpa subsp. chelikii and count in the subspecies A. lamprocarpa subsp. lamprocarpa, Hatay and Osmaniye populations need to sparate in two new varieties in the subspecies A. lamprocarpa subsp. lamprocarpa. The subspecies A. sylvestris subsp. nemorosa and A. sylvestris subsp. sylvestris need to upgrade to the species level as Anthriscus sylvestris and Anthriscus nemorosa, and the species A. cerefolium (L.) Hoffm need to include in the section Cerefolium (Fabr.) Neilreich.