Chemotaxonomic studies on rumex growing in Turkey by HPLC and principal component analysis

This thesis aims to comparatively determine the chemical content of the root, leaf, and inner perianth of 20 Rumex L. species naturally grown in Turkey and perform targeted metabolomics analysis and principal component analysis and also evaluate them in terms of chemotaxonomy. In the different studies has been determined that Rumex species carry many compounds with different chemical structures and show biological activity accordingly. HPLC method was used to determine the anthraquinone, naphthalene, and flavonoid derivatives and their amounts in the root, fruit inner perianth, and leaf extracts of 20 Rumex species studied. Anthraquinone, naphthalene and flavonoid derivative compounds that we isolated previously and the purchased rein compound were used as standard. A total of 22 compounds including 12 anthraquinone derivatives (aloe-emodin, aloin, emodin, emodin-8-O-ꞵ-glucopyranoside, physcion, frangulin A and B, glucofrangulin A and B, chrysophanol, chrysophanol 8-O-ꞵ-glucopyranoside and rein), 1 naphthalene derivative (nepodin 8-O-ꞵ-glucopyranoside) and 9 flavonoid derivatives (apigenin, astragalin, hiperoside, hispidulin, isoorientin, isovitexin, kaempferol, quercetin and rutin) were used as references. Compounds detected by HPLC and their amounts were classified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The results were evaluated in terms of chemotaxonomic. The chemical composition of Rumex amanus Rech., R. caucasicus Rech., R. olympicus Boiss. and R. tmoleus Boiss., was elucidated for the first time by this study. Frangulin A, B, glucofrangulin A, B and hispidulin compounds were detected for the first time in Rumex species in this study. The morphological features of Rumex species that will facilitate species identification were determined for the first time in this study, and a Rumex species identification key was prepared.