Forced emigration element in the nation building process: Single party era (1923-1945) law of settlement

The dissertation named ?Forced Emigration Element In The Nation Building Process: Single Party Era (1923-1945) Law of Settlement? analyses the question of ?By whom, why, how, when and where the nation building has been realized in the Republic of Turkey which had already accomplished the state building process?? Before analyzing how the nation was established in the Republic of Turkey it is necessary to deal with aim of the settlement project. In this regard, settlement aimed at efficient utilization of the land in order to use it as a source of income for the government rather than nation building or merging the ethnic elements with each other. The Lausanne Treaty was the fundamental and initial phase of nation building in the Republic of Turkey and in this regard the 1923 Protocol on the Population Exchange of Turkish-Greek People emphasized that both Turkey and Greece had the objective of creating a homogeneous nation. The sole criteria for both nations were to have a common religion. Through the execution of the treaty around 2 million people were exposed to forced emigration sending the Turkish speaking Christian Greeks of Kapadokia to Greece and Greek speaking Muslims of Crete to Turkey. In the second phase of the nation building the Law of Settlement was analyzed. Through the settlement law to share the same culture was also included as criteria along with the common religion element. 167 As a result of reactive rebellions by masses that allegedly became gradually Kurdish by passage of time despite once they were from the Turkish culture, against the reforms of existing administration, the ruling elite enacted the Law of Settlement dated 1934 in search for a durable precautions. This law foresaw the forced emigration of people who possess Turkish culture to the east part of the country and those who do not to the west part vice versa. Through the population exchange of Turkish and Greek people as well as 1934 Law of Settlement nation building was aimed and forced emigration appeared as a tool to create a Muslim nation with Turkish culture