The effects of transportation activities on the environment in international logistics

International logistics is located at a very important point for humanity. As long as life exists, production and consumption will also exist. The transportation of human request and needs, materials, raw materials, human transportation, the presence of loads or people at the desired place and at the desired time is the field of activity of the science of logistics. These activities can be carried out nationally as well as internationally. Today, the process of transporting goods is called transportation, while the process of transporting people is called transportation. Sustainability has been used together in many different areas since its inception. To define, Sustainability; In short, it can be defined as not consuming resources while carrying out today's activities and not consuming the resources that the future may need in order to survive. The applicability of sustainability depends on the fact that resources are not consumed and that the resources used can be put back into place. Nature has an ecosystem that works as a whole. In this ecosystem, all living and non- living beings exist together. Each of them is interconnected and important to each other. This situation can be thought of as links in a chain. The disappearance of one of these creatures may mean the disappearance of one of the links of the chain, adversely affecting the existence of other living things with which it interacts, or even causing its extinction. Another issue related to sustainability is environmental pollution. According to ecologists, environmental pollution is increasing with excessive construction, industrialization and the increase in means of transportation. It brings with it many problems such as increasing environmental pollution, natural disasters, and global warming. For this reason, it is of great importance to examine the Environmental Impacts of Logistics Activities, which is the subject of this study, to consider it within the scope of sustainability and to investigate the transportation sector, which is the sub- element of logistics. In order for logistics to be transformed into a sustainable system, not only the environment, but also its social and economic aspects should be evaluated from a sustainable perspective. In order to develop a sustainable system in the transportation sector, it is of great importance to choose the appropriate transportation mode. Thus, it will be ensured that fuel consumption is minimized and carbon emissions are reduced. Periodic maintenance of transportation vehicles to be used in logistics, reducing transportation traffic by choosing the right transportation modes can be listed as some of the sustainable logistics activities. Sustainable operation of logistics requires not only improvements to be made in the field of transportation, but also the necessary arrangements of the storage services to be used in logistics within the framework of a sustainable logistics. Reducing inventory costs will be directly proportional to reducing greenhouse gases. Reducing stocks will reduce the heating and cooling processes of stored raw materials or materials, reduce storage costs, and reduce energy consumption. Within the scope of the study, the damages caused by international transportation activities to the environment are examined through emission values. Greenhouse gases are gases that accumulate in the atmosphere and trigger global warming. Among these gases, the most dangerous greenhouse gas is considered to be carbon dioxide gas, which is the highest in terms of amount. For this reason, the study is based on carbon emissions values. Considering the increasing environmental problems, global warming, climate changes, and extinct animals today, the research of these and similar issues explains the importance and seriousness of the subject. The impact of international logistics activities on the environment is tested through econometric analysis. The basis of the research model is based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve, and the impact of logistics on the environment is carried out using the panel data method. The study provides very comprehensive information about the types of transportation and gives an idea in terms of the implementation of new transportation models based on the emission values of the transportation types. The fact that it is the first thesis written in the field of examining the environmental effects of carbon emissions in international logistics emphasizes the importance of this study and is important in terms of contributing to the literature.