Synthesis and investigation of pharmacological activities of novel pyrazole derivatives with antiproliferative effect potential via VEGFR-2 inhibition

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by dysregulation in multiple molecular signaling pathways. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis, and VEGFR-2 is one of the key receptors regulating this process. In this study, novel pyrazole and benzoxazole derivatives with potential VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity were designed using pharmacophore-based strategies, synthesized via conventional organic methods, and structurally characterized. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in comparison with known VEGFR-2 inhibitors reported in the literature, and their structure–activity relationships were analyzed. Additionally, the binding affinity of the compounds toward the VEGFR-2 target was investigated using molecular docking methods. This work emphasizes the importance of structural diversity in rational drug design and provides a current scientific framework for future studies targeting VEGFR-2.