Evaluation of the effects of screw-retained and cement-retained implant prostheses on peri-implant tissue health

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between retention methods (screw-cement). in fixed implant-supported prostheses and the health of peri-implant tissues in patients presenting to our clinic. Material and Method: A total of 142 implants, consisting of 73 cement-retained and 69 screw-retained prostheses, were evaluated in 90 patients aged between 21 and 65 years who had been wearing screw-retained or cement-retained prostheses for at least one year, with panoramic radiographs taken within the past three months. An evaluation form consisting of two sections, one for patient history and one for clinical assessment, was completed for each patient. The clinical assessment form recorded the type of restoration retention (screw-cement), type of prosthetic restoration (single crown/multiple crowns)., dental implant count, and periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, presence of suppuration). In addition, the bone level in the mesial and distal regions was measured on panoramic radiographs for each implant, and any millimetric bone losses were recorded. Results: Among the screw-retained and cement-retained implants included in our study, no significant differences were found in plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, or gingival recession parameters. However, cement-retained implant-supported restorations showed significantly higher values in pocket depth (p=0.029). and radiographic marginal bone loss (p=0.017). Conclusions: Cement-retained prostheses demonstrated greater bone loss and pocket depth compared to screw-retained prostheses in the implants examined in our study. Further prospective research is warranted on this topic. Keywords: Peri-implant mucositis, Peri-implantitis, Implant prosthesis, Marginal bone loss.