Free will and human freedom in Jewish thought: The example of Gersonides (D. 1344)

This thesis explores the perspectives of the Jewish philosopher Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom), who lived until 1344, regarding the concept of free will. It comprises an introduction, three main chapters, and a conclusion. In the introduction, we delve into the subject matter, establish the scope and methodology of the thesis, provide historical context, survey Gersonides' life and works, and highlight the primary literature sources. The first chapter analyzes Gersonides' stance on the challenging issue of reconciling astrological determinism with free will, along with his proposed solutions. The second part investigates the possibility of free will coexisting with the determinism stemming from God's knowledge and human foreknowledge of the future. The third chapter, titled "God's Providence and Immortality", explores Gersonides' concept of providence, where he posits that God ensures the best possible order in the universe. It also addresses related topics such as evil, reward, punishment, and immortality. Throughout the thesis, we trace Gersonides' efforts to harmonize his strong defense of human free will with astrological determinism, a central element of his cosmic understanding, and his philosophical discussions on theological matters within the Jewish belief system, including God's knowledge, providence, prophecy, miracles, reward-punishment, and immortality.