Jerusalem campaigns of the New Assyrian and New Baylon states and their results

Palestine, one of the most important centers of the Middle East, has been the center of different religious conflicts throughout history because it contains the city of Jerusalem, where three divine religions emerged and which is considered sacred by all three divine religions. In particular, the long and difficult struggle of the Jewish people and the Palestinian people for a small piece of land like Palestine has been rare throughout history. In this study, the religious and political effects of the Babylonian exile on the Jews are mentioned. For this reason, the study was examined by focusing on the Torah. It is known in the Torah that the people of Judah were exiled to Babylon as punishment for not obeying God's religious orders. The most severe of this exile occurred in 586 BC, during the reign of King of Babylonia II. It was realized by Nebuchadnezzar. With this exile, the city of Jerusalem and Hz. Solomon's Temple was destroyed. The Babylonian exile, which lasted nearly 70 years, was a period of great change for the Jews. The salvation of the people of Judah from this exile was carried out by the Persian King II. It took place with Cyrus and the Persians established a large satrapy and ruled the region for 200 centuries. Later, with the conquest of Alexander the Great, pressure was exerted on the region, and especially on the people of Judah, to accept the Hellenic culture. This oppression was ended by the Romans. However, due to the expansionist policy of the Roman Empire, the Jews revolted again. But this uprising took place during the Second World War of the Romans. It ended with the destruction of the temple in 70 AD Later, the Jewish people were exiled to most parts of the world and have survived until today. Keywords: I. And II. Temple Period, Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, New Assyrian and New Babylonian Campaigns, Hellenistic and Roman Domination.