Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of new synthesized platinum (II) complex having benzimidazole derivative ligand in A549 lung carcinoma cell line

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. Lung cancer has a very high mortality rate. Lung cancer cases are predicted to rise in nations with high smoking rates. Treatment for lung cancer is still difficult. Many different drugs are used to treat lung cancer, but treatment is still difficult. Cisplatin, nedaplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are commonly used drugs in the treatment of lung cancer. Studies are currently underway to develop new therapeutic drugs. Since a study on the cytotoxic activity of platinum (II) complexes (1a, 2a and 4a) in A549 human lung cancer cell line has not been found in the literature, it was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of platinum (II) compounds in A549 human lung cancer cell line in this study. MTT test was used to determine cell viability. According to the MTT test results, the 1a platinum (II) complex was found to be the most effective. Other analyzes continued with 1a (40 µM and 80 µM) concentrations. In the study, lipid peroxidation damage due to oxidative stress with the application of 1a platinum complex was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level and measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. It was observed that the amount of MDA and ROS increased with the increase of the concentration of the 1a platinum complex. In order to identify the type of cell death, Acridine Orange (AO)/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining was additionally carried out. It was observed that while the number of normal cells decreased, the number of apoptotic cells increased depending on the concentration of 1a platinum (II) complex. By monitoring the activities of the apoptosis-related enzymes caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9, apoptosis was determined. No effect of 1a platinum (II) complex on caspase enzyme activities was found. According to the results obtained, 1a platinum (II) complex was found to have cytotoxic activity in A549 human lung cancer cell line. Keywords: A549 human lung cancer cell line, Platinum (II) complexes, Cytotoxic activity, MTT test, Oxidative stress, Apoptosis.