Lighting design proposals for re-used historical buildings Kabataş High School Cultural Centre Library

SUMMARY Historical buildings are architectural memories. Historical buildings have many abstract and tangible properties of the past, so the adaptation of them to the present conditions together with the restoration is one of the important goals of architecture. Nowadays, the most frequently used method in the world towards this goal is to use them effectively in response to contemporary needs. The preservation of the original identity is one of the main targets, while the use or function of historical buildings is being altered within the scope of this restoration activity. The lighting design of historical buildings is one of the most important architectural components in this target. Lighting design is a necessity both for ensuring visual comfort conditions in terms of the user as well as for protecting the original identity. At the beginning of this study, firstly, with the concept of historical structure, it is explained in which conditions the restoration activity is necessary. In this way, before the necessity of lighting design in historical buildings was emphasized, the purpose of the restoration activity was examined. Moreover, methods of preserving and maintaining historical buildings have also been included in this review. In the course of study, the development and evolution of natural and artificial lighting within the scope of architecture has been examined within the historical process. It is expressed in the architecture that the light from the early ages is used for what purpose and what methods are used chronologically. For the reinforcement of the issue, some architects such as Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, Eero Saarinen, Louis Kahn, and Norman Foster, who emphasize the importance and effect of light have been explained with example buildings. Thus, the use of light in modern architecture has also been investigated. In order to shed light on the original part of the study, the objectives of the lighting design in historical buildings which are restored have been determined. These are original building identity preserving, sustainability of lighting design and efficient use of energy. In addition, the factors that play a role in the lighting design of the restored historical buildings have been explained under the two headings as structural features and environmental features. In this way, the phases of the lighting design, which is an important requirement for historical buildings that are re-used have been expressed. In the original part of the study, the roof floor of the Kabataş High School Cultural Centre has been dealt with. Before the building was an outdated cultural heritage. No one was able to benefit from this heritage. But today a conference room, classrooms, an exhibition hall, an art studio and a library are planned with a modern restoration activity. The roof floor is renovated to be a library for students. Within the scope of the thesis, natural and artificial lighting proposals have been submitted based on visual comfort conditions for this library. At the beginning of this process all the physical and environmental conditions related to the structure were analyzed. The building orientation, room dimensions, the nature of the renewed roof light, the interior surfaces are specified as the physical conditions of the building. Environmental characteristics related to the building are classified as external illuminance level, external floor material and external obstacles. A task area at 0.80 m height was considered within the library. And, daylighting conditions for 3 hours selected on 15 March, 15 June and 15 December were calculated on this task area. All calculations were provided with the Dialux-Evo simulation program. Thus, the quality and quantity of the natural light penetrate into the room had been determined depending on the time during the year. Then, an interior planning with furnitures was proposed considering the daylight analysis and the structural characteristics of the room. There are no rare books in the library that should be preserved carefully. So, the user needs have been taken into consideration firstly in the scope of the proposed interior design. With this plan, it was intended that users could benefit from daylight during most of the year. A shading system is planned that prevents sunlight from entering directly into the room for situations where daylight is expected to adversely affect visual comfort conditions at the specified task area. This shading system consists of six parts. Four of the pieces work on table tops. Two of the pieces are working on the circulation areas. For those cases in which the illuminance level is insufficient, an artificial lighting system was proposed in accordance with the function of the library. LED light sources have been selected as the artificial lighting design for effective energy use. However, the necessity of a control system for the efficient use of artificial lighting has been emphasized depending on the time, the number of people and actively used areas. As a result, a lighting design system was realized which provides not only visual comfort conditions but also the user needs for the library of Kabataş High School Cultural Center. An interior plan have been proposed according to the user needs. And with the shading system, the direct sunlight in the room could be controlled and the risk of glare for visual comfort standards was eliminated. However, the required illuminance levels on the task area were provided by the artificial lighting system proposed when daylight is inadequate. Historical building are cultural heritage that must be conserved. The restoration of historical buildings with a contemporary approach requires that the design of lighting be handled in a way that conforms to the standards. Because, lighting is one of the most important design parameters in the process of the re-used historical buildings. In this study, it was emphasized that in order to use historical buildings actively and lighting systems which are developing collaterally with the technology should be handled during the restoration process. Keywords: Daylighting, Artificial lighting, Visual comfort, Historical buildings, Re-used.