The affect of vitamin-D and hormones on the respiratory at the neonatal's postnatal adaptation

Introduction-aim: The most common reason for admission to intensive care units in term and preterm babies during the neonatal period is respiratory distress. The most common among these is transient tachypnea of the newborn. Investigating the etiological factors that cause respiratory distress and starting treatment for them in the early period is of great importance in terms of reducing the need for intensive care admission in the neonatal period and shortening the length of stay in patients requiring hospitalization. In our study, we aimed to investigate the causes of respiratory distress, which is a common problem in newborns, to show the effect of vitamin D and corticoadrenergic hormones on respiratory distress, and to show that precautions to be taken before and after birth can reduce the morbidity and mortality of newborns. In addition, we aim to reveal the importance of vitamin D prophylaxis to be started in the early period, in addition to non-invasive and invasive respiratory support in case of respiratory distress in newborn babies. Material-method: Our research is a Case-Control type study and 140 babies born at Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine Hafsa Sultan Hospital were included in our study. 70 of these are in the case (patient) group and are monitored after birth due to signs of respiratory distress, and 70 newborns are newborns who do not have respiratory distress and are given directly to their mothers without the need for monitoring. Our study was conducted between May 2022 and May 2024. Results: In our study, a total of 140 babies born at the 35th week of gestation and later were examined. 70 of them are in the case group and 70 are in the control group. Of the 70 babies in the case group, 36 were hospitalized and monitored under intensive care conditions, while 34 were given to their mothers. 7.1% of the babies in the patient group were born vaginally, 92.9% were born C/S, and 5.7% of the babies in the control group were born vaginally, 94.3% were born C/S. The average week of birth was VII found to be 37.6±1.71 weeks in the patient group babies and 38.16±1.47 weeks in the control group babies. Statistically significant differences were detected between cortisol and FT4 measurements compared to the case control groups (p<0.05). The measurements of the patient group were found to be higher than the measurements of the control group. No statistically significant differences were obtained between TSH, FT3, ACTH, adrenaline and PTH measurements. In our study, no statistically significant difference was observed between the vitamin D level in the cord blood of newborn babies and respiratory distress. Conclusion: Respiratory distress for newborns is a common condition that requires hospitalization. In our study, we examined the etiological factors that cause this condition. In this way, we think that neonatal hospitalizations can be reduced with early diagnosis and treatment. As a result of our study, it was determined that the week of birth is an important etiological factor in respiratory distress. According to the hormones measured in cord blood, cortisol level and FT4 level were found to be statistically significant, and the levels of these hormones were found to be high in babies who developed respiratory distress. In our study, where we investigated whether vitamin D level is effective on newborn respiratory distress, no statistically significant result was reached among the case-control groups.