Analysis of the relationship between renewable energy consumption, fossil energy consumption, trade openness and growth: The case of Turkey

In this study, the relationship between renewable energy consumption, fossil energy consumption, trade openness and growth in Turkey was analyzed. In this study, the effects of the renewable energy consumption rate, fossil energy resources consumption amount and trade openness rate of the Turkish Economy between 1990 and 2020 on economic growth were examined. For this purpose, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (1979, ADF) unit root test was performed. Hatemi-J (2012) Asymmetric Causality Test were applied to identify the causality relationship between the variables. According to the analysis results, it is seen that the increase in renewable energy consumption increases economic growth and also affects the negative relationship at the same rate. In addition, it is seen that the positive effect of trade openness increases economic growth in the same direction. Oil consumption and natural gas consumption for fossil energy sources were examined. In this case, the results obtained show that the positive effect of oil consumption increases growth, while the negative effect of growth increases oil consumption. In this context, it is possible to talk about a neutral relationship. No relationship was found between growth and natural gas consumption.