The effects of terroir properties on grape and wine's quality parametres; aroma and phenolic compounds of muscat of Bornova

In these two years study, effects of the climate and soil characteristics on the quality parameters of Muscat of Bornova grapes and its wines; such as overall composition, aroma and phenolic compounds were investigated. Two different terroirs grapes and wines were used; Menderes Region/Izmir and Kemaliye Region/Manisa. GC / MS and LC / MS-MS were used in identification and quantification of the aroma and phenolic compounds, respectively and GC-O was used in olfactometric analysis. Odor and flavor profile analysis methods were applied in the sensory analysis. Results were subjected to statistical analysis and clustering of basic components. In terms of climate, Menderes terroir has a warm climate and Kemaliye is in a transition area to the continential climate. In terms of day-night temperature differences, Kemaliye is found to be higher than Menderes, also the average annual rainfall of Kemaliye has been found to be less than Menderes Region. Soil structure of both terroirs was sandy-clay-loam. Kemaliye Region which shows a calcerious property has a less rich soil about macro-micro nutrients than Menderes Region. It is determined that region has a significant effect on the color, physical properties and amount of acid of the grapes; year significantly affect the composition of grapes. In grapes and wines, terpenes were found to be the most important aroma compounds, especially linalool. In grapes 30, in wines 52 aroma compounds and 16 odor active compunds have been identified. In grapes 15, in wines 14 phenolic compounds were identified. Among them, in grapes catechin, in wines trans -caftaric acid was predominant phenolic compound. The identified predominant phenolic compound was catechin in grapes, and trans-caftaric acid in wine. Both wines obtained from different terroirs were found to be typical as muscat wine. According to sensory and olfactory analysis Kemaliye was found more complex, stable and intense than Menderes wine with orange blossom, bergamot, linden, honeysuckle and lavender fragrances. Diversely, Menderes was found more floral with a tropic fruit nuances.