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Archived Theses
Turkey labour market: Real-time data collection and insights
Still there is a conventional approach to collect data on dynamics of the labour market such as salaries variation, supply and demand, mobility or insights of educational needs and knowledge workers. This traditional method of survey analysis is not sufficient and can mislead the reality as we are in an era of exponentially increasing data. The main contribution of this thesis aims to propose methodology of data collection in real time, data patterns and architecture to deal with day-to-day labour market variation in Turkey. During 1 year of regular data collection, 314,000 open job positions in 2760 different occupations are classified in terms of pay gap, education surplus and shortage, and velocity of market. The results shows that Turkey's labour market undergoes an increasing shift specially after the Covid-19 effect in terms of skilled based economy, digital transformation, and payroll distribution index in the upcoming years.
Education expenditure and economic growth nexus: Evidence from the MINT
The MINT - Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey - are from the countries projected to attain a significant level of economic success in the years to come. As a result of the demographic and geographic characteristics of these countries, they have the potential to push their economies to a globally competitive standard that is suitable for rapid economic development and advancement. From the prerequisites for the actualisation of such standard is the improvement in the quality of labour and deliberate investment in human capital through education. This study examines the viability of such prospects for the MINT by investigating education expenditure and economic growth relationship in the MINT. Through the use of a panel data set ranging from the year 1994 to the year 2020, the study utilises panel Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) methods to examine the impact of education expenditure on growth in the MINT, and the finding from the study shows that there is a long-run relationship between education expenditure and economic growth. Expenditure on education positively affects economic growth in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey. More specifically, according to findings in this study, it is observed that a unit increase in the percentage of education expenditure will result in a 3 - 4 per cent increase in economic growth in the MINT. Labour also significantly impacts economic growth in the MINT. The results for the countries imply that expenditure on education and human capital should be encouraged, as evidence from this study conforms to findings from the literature.
Investigating the efficiency of airline stock returns in Turkey
Do stock prices reflect all information in the market as the efficient market theory states? Or are there some economic factors that significantly determine stock prices? This empirical study examines the efficient market theory in the airline industry in Turkey. Using daily data of Turkish Airlines and Pegasus Airlines stock prices, and Turkish lira exchange rates from Yahoo Finance, we employed a series of parsimonious GARCH (1;1) models to examine whether exchange rates have significant deterministic effects on Turkish Airlines and Pegasus Airlines' stock returns. We also designed distinct GARCH models including daily, monthly and quarterly dummy variables to test for the existence of calendar anomalies. Our empirical findings indicate that exchange rates significantly affect the mean stock returns and their volatilities. Our calendar anomaly analysis also indicates that different days, months and quarters have significantly different impacts on the mean and volatility of stock returns, thereby corroborating the key finding that Turkish Airlines and Pegasus Airlines' stock returns are not efficient.
A comparative study of Al-Ghazali's and Sheldon Wolin's political thought
Chaos, disorder, and uncertainty are self-evident in the manifested inward and outward reality of the day and age, which we vividly experience. Politics, namely the will to power, has become in the metaphysical realm as universal, essential, triumphant and fortified and metaphysical realities, namely the seeking of the truth and the examination of the mysteries of existence are camouflaged with commodity, use-value, and particular blind following of craving desires under the pestilential winds of the pursuit of political power. In turn, the realm of the intelligible, namely knowledge, wisdom, justice and human virtues, has become only a footnote to the political discussion. Under such conditions, instead of metaphysics, politics and its politicking element permeates everything starting from the street and day to day conversations to the intellectual and academic fields, including science, history, philosophy, and artistic work. At such terms of the current circumstances of reality, politics is the means and the end in and of itself. Following the preceding examination, I shall dedicate this scholarly writing with the aim to conceptualize, elaborate, and clarify the 'nature of the politics and political order'. I demonstrated that the politics and political order is neither independently self-existent nor an emergence of the melancholy-driven nostalgia of the past, neither altogether transcendent nor wholly earthly. Rather, using the political plethora of the Islamic and Western philosophical worldview, namely an comparative approach to study of the political thought of Al-Ghazali and Sheldon Wolin, I conclude that the politics, political order, and political knowledge are proceeded, categorized, and established in the service of attaining three principles of transcendental metaphysics: truth, goodness, and beauty. In empirical positivist terms, that is to say, politics serves as a mean to improve the following most fundamental dimensions of life of ordinary citizens: improvement of universal life conditions, the freedom of choice, freedom of accessibility to attain education regardless natural disparities, economic enrichment, and equal opportunity to achieve success
Şükür temelli müdahale programının depresif belirtiler ve şükran düzeyi üzerindeki etkisi
Depresyon dünya genelinde yaygınlığı yüksek bir ruhsal rahatsızlıktır. Şükür müdahale programlarının depresyonu azalttığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Şükür Temelli Müdahale Programı'nın (ŞTMP) depresif belirtileri olan 18-40 yaş arası yetişkinlerin depresif belirtiler ve şükran düzeyine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya başvuranlar arasından kriterleri karşılayan 132 katılımcı deney (N=66) ve kontrol (N=66) gruplarına seçkisiz olarak atanmıştır. Deney grubuna 4 haftalık ŞTMP uygulanmış, kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir müdahale uygulanmamıştır. Katılımcıların depresif belirti düzeyleri Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ile, şükran düzeyleri Şükran Ölçeği (ŞÖ) ile müdahale öncesi (ön test), müdahale bitimi (son test) ve müdahale bitiminden 4 hafta sonra (izleme testi) olmak üzere üç zaman noktasında ölçülmüştür. Katılımcılara ait veriler varyans analizi ve t test ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ŞTMP'nin deney grubunda depresif belirtileri anlamlı düzeyde azalttığını ve şükranı anlamlı düzeyde yükselttiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu gelişmeler 4 hafta sonraki izleme ölçümünde de korunmuştur. Kontrol grubunun depresif belirti ve şükran düzeyleri hiçbir ölçüm noktasında anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar araştırma hipotezleri ve literatür ile tutarlıdır. Bu araştırma depresyonun tedavisinde kullanılabilecek yöntemler açısından ilgili literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.
Impact of micro loans on agricultural production: A case study of wheat production in Bahawalpur, Pakistan
This study aims to investigate the role of Zarai Taraqiati Bank's limited finance through technology adaptation on wheat productivity in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Lack of resources and technology are the main reasons why a lot of underdeveloped economies are not able to fulfill their potential especially in agriculture, which is generally the prime income source and occupation. This study is based on a primary data source collected through a field survey. The simple random sampling and cluster random sampling technique is employed for deriving representative sample from population to establish the relationship response variable and focus variables while controlling for land holding and farmer education. It is concluded that agriculture financing through high-yielding varieties, fertilizer, tractors, and harvesters have a significant impact on wheat productivity. The long-term loans also made a marked impact on wheat productivity, while the household size and education are negatively associated with wheat productivity, but these variables are insignificant. The positive association between long-term loans and agricultural productivity represents that credit enables the farmers to purchase superior quality inputs and equipment which causes an increase in agricultural yield. The study suggests that the in-time provision of the appropriate amount of loan and credit in kind (i.e., fertilizer, tractor etc.) to farmers may increase productivity. As a result, income and assets of the farmers are also enhanced.
Yardım davranışının gönüllülerin psikolojik ve spiritüel iyi oluşlarına etkisi
Bu çalışmada yardım davranışının birey üzerindeki psikolojik ve spiritüel etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya 18 yaş ve üzerindeki gönüllü ve gönüllü olmayan bireylerden oluşan 667 kişi katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri araştırma sorularımıza istediğimiz çeşitlilik, kapsam ve yeterlilikte yanıt sağlamaya uygun ölçekler kullanılarak online platformlar üzerinden elde edilmiştir. Gönüllülük ve yardım etme davranışının motivasyon ve sıklığının da sorulduğu sosyo-demografik bilgi formuna ek olarak, katılımcıların psikolojik iyi oluşunu ölçmek için PERMA İyi Oluş Ölçeği; manevi iyi oluşunu ölçmek için Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği; dünyaya, kendine ve diğer insanlara yönelik algısını ölçmek için ise Dünyaya İlişkin Varsayımlar (DİV) Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde ettiğimiz bulgular, "iyilik iyileştirir mi?" araştırma sorusu bağlamında oluşturduğumuz hipotezleri büyük oranda desteklemektedir. Veriler üzerinde yaptığımız istatistiksel analizler, gönüllülük deneyimi ve yardım etme sıklığı ile PERMA İyi Oluş Ölçeği, Spiritual İyi Oluş Ölçeği ve DİV Ölçeği puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Gönüllülük deneyimi ve yardım etme davranış sıklığı yüksek olan katılımcıların PERMA İyi Oluş Ölçeği (olumlu duygular, olumlu ilişkiler, anlamlılık, başarı ve sağlık alt boyutları) puanları gönüllülük ve yardım etme deneyimi olmayan veya seyrek olan katılımcıların puanlarından daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yine aynı şekilde gönüllülük ve yardım etme davranış sıklığı yüksek olan katılımcıların Spiritual İyi Oluş Ölçeği anomi alt boyutu ve Dünyaya İlişkin Varsayımlar (DİV) Ölçeği (şans varsayımı, rastlantısallık varsayımı, kendilik değeri varsayımı, kontrol varsayımı alt boyut) puanlarının gönüllülük ve yardım etme deneyimi olmayan veya daha seyrek olan katılımcılara göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The impact of corporate social responsibility perception on organizational commitment: The case of cabin crew in a civil aviation company
In the globalizing world, businesses have developed innovative marketing methods to strengthen their market position. Corporate Social Responsibility projects, on the one hand, provide social benefits, on the other hand, increase the brand awareness of businesses by delivering credibility in the eyes of consumers. The rapid increase in competition requires companies to use their human resources, the essential resource, to sustain their existence effectively and efficiently. Organizational commitment has become an essential research topic for business and academics. Although there are studies in the literature to determine the effect of the perception of corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment in the banking, finance, and tourism sectors, studies have not been conducted specifically for the Turkish Aviation Sector. This study examines the relationship between CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) perception and organizational commitment among Turkish cabin crew. At the same time, the social responsibility perception and organizational commitment scores of the participants were compared according to their gender, age, education level, title, and work experience. The scale of CSR assessment by employees, created by Türker (2006). The attitudes toward CSR were measured through a subscale of the Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility (PRESOR) that Etheredge (1999) converted into a two-factor framework to assess the significance of social responsibility for employees. For Employees' organizational commitment levels, we used Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) created by Mowday, Steers, and Porter (1979). This study finds a significant positive relationship between the participants' assessment of existing CSR, attitude towards CSR, and organizational commitment scores. In other words, if the participants think they allocate time and effort to the CSR projects of the institution they work for, their organizational commitment increases. Similarly, as the importance given to corporate social responsibility projects by the participants increases, their organizational commitment to the institution they work for also increases.
Anonim şirket pay sahibinin bilgi alma ve inceleme hakkı
Günümüz ekonomik hayatını şekillendiren en önemli ticaret şirketlerinden biri olan anonim şirketlerde, modern şirketler hukuku anlayışının da etkisiyle şirket yönetiminin pay sahiplerinden ziyade uzman profesyonel kimselere bırakılması eğilimi söz konusudur. Bu durum pay sahiplerinin şirkete yabancılaşmalarına sebep olmakta ve şirket yönetimine karşı korunmalarını da gerektirmektedir. Bu koruma bakımından önemli bir fonksiyon icra eden bilgi alma ve inceleme hakkı bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Hak 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nun 437.maddesi çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.
Failed to cooperate: The US-China rivalry in the time of Covid-19 pandemic
It is both apt and relevant to include content on the theory of Realism in global international relations – an approach of political science, statesmanship and diplomacy that has influenced war and peace over the centuries and continues to do so today. In fact, the current Chinese-US conflict may be characterised by Realism more than any other school of thought. One cannot help but wonder why the US and Chinese government did not live up to the expectations of other nations and world citizens who would love to see them share their immense resources and collaborate on fighting the new, threatening Covid-19 disease, by sharing information and expertise, working on a vaccine-producing program, and planning together. That, unfortunately, did not transpire. The purpose of this research is to explore,analyse, and provide answers on why the Chinese-American relations deteriorated in the World Health Organization, in general, and the Global Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, I analyse the reasons for the conflict, its escalation, and management. The methods used for producing the answers utilise the qualitative method, making maximum use of reliable, authentic resources in the form of published books, specialised magazine and newspaper articles, government data, an authoritative highlevel official testimony, and a speech. Content and thematic methods have been used, and the trustworthiness of the data thus established. The thesis uses primary and secondary data collection, including quotes of those directly involved in the issues.