The impacts of the U.S. national security strategies upon the natinal securuty strategies of The Turkish Republic in the era. (btw.2001-2003), after the 9/11 attacks

The United States of America (USA) has become the most effective country upon the Turkish Republic considering the historical issues related to the ?Security strategy?, since announced thet Soviet Union had requests on Bosporus just after Second World War. Subject impacts had occurred in one-way within the ?Secrity Strategy Perspective? provided by US?s own security issues in the cold war are while ?Double pole? word order was dominant and almost all countries were forced to take place in either side of ?the poles? due to security concerns. In ?the era after the Cold War? when USA felt much more powerful to rule the ?world order? as Soviet Union collapsed and USA had become ?the super power?. Thus, USA?s one-sided impact turned to be ?two-sided? due to its consideration of Turkey as a ?partner? in order to fulfill the interests at the Balkans, Caucasia and the Middle East. ?Two sided? security strategy impact was one of the cornerstones of history and turned to be a relationship while the global system changed from the usual, as double-sided impact with two dimensions after the 9/11 attacks which greatly affected all known parameters and dynamics, to ?each side directed to another direction? (It can also be described as a diamond which has the same body but sides looking at different directions as a figure) but supporting and representign the same root. Afgahanistan was the first objective of the USA?s ?anti-terrorism campaign? after 9/11. Turkey provided support to strengthen the order that USA desired to establish by supplying militry units to the ISAF stability forces which was established in Afghanistan for stability after military campaign in 2002. In a way, national security strategy in the subject era, as a support was also meant to determine the Turkey?s own ?securty concerns? and ?security perception?, parallel with USA?s. USA prepared to declare war against Iraq, claiming ?the existence of mass destruction weapons? and ?support of terrorism? just after the Afghanistan War. Within this issue, USA commenced establishing international diplomacy efforts, public opinion and military coalition. USA?s most wanted issue from Turkey was temporary locating USA militry in Turkey. USA?s preparation for Iraq War has been brought out needs for evaluating the upcoming possible effects after war concerning PKK terrorism problem which was fought against within Turkey?s own ?security concerns? anda deploying Turkish military to north of Iraq. However, the possible deployment of Turkish Armed Forces military units to the north of Iraq caused opposition from Barzani and Talabani groups, for preventing independence efforts, which are advencign to set up an ?independent? government under the control of USA since the 1st Gulf War in 1991. In the threshold of the Iraq War, although the official letter issued by the Grand National Assembly (6 February 2003), Turkey had permitted the port and airfields to be prebaped which were required by the USA in order to transit while going to Iraq; concerning that USA was not sharing the ?security concerns? wiht the Turkish public opinion, the second official letter which should have permitted the deployment of US military units in Turkey was rejected by the Turkish GNA (1 March 2003). The rejection which the USA unexpected, consequently caused the reevaluation of the 50 years of Turkey-USA relationship, the idea of not accomplishing ?alliance? or even ?strategic partner? requirements by the US authorities. Within subject relations such ideas were popped up that USA was not ?paid back? due to its aids to Turkey in hard times since the Second World War and that ?Turkey must accept its failure?. The GNA, just after rejecting the official letter issued on the 1st of March, in order to support USA in the Iraq War with the new requests, had accepted the official letter which permits the USA to utilize the ?Turkish airspace? in 20 March 2003. This was the third official letter of Turkey that was for the USA which was discussed in GNA in 2003. After Turkey?s acceptance of the third official letter under great risks even the official letter permitted, US authorities said that they were not willing Turkey to transit to the north of Iraq due to security concerns. Although at than times the decision of not transiting Turkey to north of Iraq upon the rewuest of USA was considered to be a reason of ?strategi partnerslip?, it can be evaluated as, at the same time, one of the US inter ferences to Turkey?s security strategy, where many others did after the era of 9/11 attacks. Upon the period of the third official letter, once again (When considered for 2003, it was the fourth request) USA requested military units from Turkey for formingi a ?stability force? that wolud support to establish a new country and reduce the violence in Iraq. The GNA, within the ?strategic partnership?, has accepted the US request and fulfiiled the requirements of the Alliance. However this time, through the pressure of the Kurdish groups and Iraqi opponents requests, USA wanted Turkey to cancel its desire to ?deploy military units? and once again Turkey evaluated this decision within the influence of US security concerns and on November 2003, was forced to announce that the public opinion not to execute the ?deployment of military units?. As a conclusion, US security strategy practices, established within ?antiterrorism? after 9/11 attacks, that were aimed to shape the global world order in long term; affected the Turkish Republic?s security strategies in a great scale and caused Turkey to make applications other than own security concerns. The parameters that Turkey-USA relations are based on, unbalanced economic, militaric and technologic support (aid) to Turkey since the period that relationship commenced, had great influence in achieving such an outcome. In case the economic, military and technologic support (aid) are eliminaed, the Turkish-US security strategy interactions, will not be under the influence of USA?s ?changing world order? security philosophy but will result in such situation as stated in Atatürk?s ?Peace at Home, Peace in the World? security philosophy.