Human and universe conceptions in terms of philosophy and science in Europe and the Ottoman thought in the 17th century

In 17th century Europe thinkers turned to a human-based system in the field of philosophy and science and laid the foundations of modern philosophy and science in line with these approaches. With these steps taken in philosophy and science, general views in the universe and cosmology changed and a new system was built instead. In the Ottoman, while it had a leading role in the fields of philosophy and science until the 17th century, it entered a period of stagnation due to the political and social problems experienced by the Ottoman in the 17th century. Considering the situation of the period, although there are studies in the field of philosophy and science, there is a decrease compared to previous periods. In addition, the conflict between religion and philosophy-science in madrasahs is another negative condition for development. The subject of our thesis is to give an idea about how Western and Ottoman thinkers positioned human and universe issues in their thoughts and works in the field of philosophy and science in this period. In the first part of our thesis, while examining the names of 17th century Western philosophers and scientists; Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, René Descartes, Gottfriend Leibniz, and Benedict Spinoza under the title of human and universe conceptions, then the field of science was evaluated under the titles of astronomy, mathematics, physics, biology and medicine. In the second part, the position of Ibn-i Khaldunism in 17th century Ottoman philosophy and the importance given to philosophy and science in madrasas were mentioned. The human and universe views of Kınalızâde Ali Efendi, Sadreddinzâde Mehmet Emin Şirvani, Melayê Cizîrî, Mir Damâd and Molla Sadra were included. In the science part, the fields of astronomy, mathematics, physics and medicine were discussed in the context of human and universe conceptions, and a comparison of the Ottoman and Western world in the context of philosophy and science was tried to be presented.