The supply and the subsistence of Ottoman-Russian war of 1877-1878

The technological advance after the Industrial Revolution in Europe caused, also, improvement in weapon industry. Military attack and defence systems changed accordingly. The battle system, up to second half of the 19th century, depended on castle based sheltered defence system. However, from that day on, passed to the bastion fortification system because of the changes in weapon range, the use of steam machine in the field of transportation, production e.t.c. Ottoman Empire had fall behind technological development, from 18th century, however, it gave importance to trace them. The military reform carried out from the time of III. Selim, were tried to continue by his successors in their time. The regular army consisted of salaried soldiers was founded. Because of economic insufficiency, educated personel insufficiency, sequent uprising and wars, military organization could not complete its foundation exactly. The interest of, especially, Russia and other great powers in Bosphours became significant factor in determining the foreign policy of Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire was isolated by others politically and militarily due to Russian subtle policy during the Ottoman-Russian war of 1877-1878. The Ottoman Empire lost the battle against Russia, well prapered before, because of being unseccessful in propel military units and essential munition regularly and rapidly, rupture in command chain, the conduct of war from Yıldız Palace. At the same time, the empire lost both cash and land. The migrations from the Balkans and Caucasia, due to war, lead to another problem. The existence of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans was almost annihilated because of migrations and loss in war. The great powers changed their attitudes, they supported the territorial integrity of Ottoman Empire. This thesis, is related to underlying logistic problems which caused the loss of one of the most distructive war of Ottomans that induced the collapse of the empire and determined the foreign policy of, newly established, the Republic of Turkiye.Key Words: Otoman-Russina War of 1877-1878, Great Powers, Military, Supply, Subsistence