The architectural works in Istanbul by the German architects at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century

The efforts of modernizasyon in Ottoman Empire started in 1839 with Tanzimat This reached its climax in art at the end of the 19.th. century when european architects were employed. The English W.J. Smith, the Italian G.T. Fossati, Levanten A. Vallaury, the Italian R. d'Aranco were the first architects who brought Eoropean neo-classic effects on Turkish architecture. Therefore at the end of the century German architects constructed important buildings in the Ottoman empire and especially in its capital Istanbul. Consulates, hospitals, schools, stations and trade centers were built by the Germans. An architect, Jashmund was sent by Prasya to observe the Ottoman architecture. Jashmund's most important construction is the Sirkeci station. German imperial buildings resembled the Prusish ones with their cubic construction on strict symetrical plan. The Sirkeci and Haydarpaşa Stations were modelled on earlier ones in Europe. Although Sirkeci station, having a long symetrical plan, is a last station, it is also an intermediary station. It has the plan scheme of Hannover Hauptbahnhof, which was modelled out from the plans of the firstedge station Liverpool, Crown Streeet. Though it is at the starting point of European railways, it effected a lot of stations on the way from Anatolia-Bagdat- Hicaz because of its Turkish-islamic elements. The activities of German architects in the Ottoman state went on with O.Ritter and HCuno's planings of the Haydarpaşa Station which was the symbol of the Anadolu-Bagdat Route. The Haydarpaşa Station is again European and it shows ressemblance with Berlin-Stettiner Bahnhof, Zurich-Central Station and London- Victorian Station.