Cultural influences of the Ottoman era in Sudan during the 19th century

This study aims to illustrate and highlight the cultural influences of Turks in Sudan during the 19th century. Because this type of study has not received sufficient research attention, the researcher considers that this subject needs more research from researchers in Turkey and Sudan. Relations between Turkey and the Sudan began from the 16th century, when the Sudan entered under the protection of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey's presence in the Sudan was associated with two periods: the first Ottoman period, which began during the 16th century, in 1553, the Ottomans founded the Sevakin Brigade in eastern Sudan to protect the Holy Land (Mecca and Medina) from Portuguese danger. The second Turkish period is that of Muhammad Ali Pasha, who entered the Sudan in the early 19th century and founded a rule that lasted more than 60 years. During the 19th century, Turkish rulers indirectly introduced Turkish culture into Sudanese society, resulting in the Sudanese being culturally influenced in several cultural aspects (administration, architecture, education, language, etc.). To illustrate the cultural impact of Turks in Sudan, the data were processed using the descriptive analytical approach and the method of asking questions answered within the research. One of the most important findings of this study is the continued use of some manifestations of Turkish culture in the Sudan to this day, for example, the use of some Turkish vocabulary in Sudanese, Also the architectural cultural heritage of Turks in Sudan, which is the island of Sevakin, and the tombs of Turks in Khartoum.