State, village and production in Anatolia between 1908-1914

The change / transformation movement that had been going on in the Ottoman State since the 19th century had entered an important phase with the second declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1908. Union and Progress Society, the leading organization of the constitutional regime; It brought up many reform projects in the military, economic, administrative and social terms. These projects were asked, "How is this state get rid of?" The answers to the question were a planned whole. According to the arguments put forward, the most important reason for the troubles experienced by the Ottoman Empire was seen as the economy. For this reason, the reforms to be made according to the Constitutional Managers should have included moves to increase the economic power of the state. So much so that the peasantry, which is one of the basic trivet of the economy, and the situation of the peasantry were discussed. Peasant; for years, he has been left alone in the fight against many problems such as taxes, tax farming, production-distribution organization, lack of tools and equipment and animal diseases. Accordingly, the structure of the state-peasant-individual relationship has been determined by the steps taken by the central government regarding the peasants situation. The rulers of the Constitutional regime in the Ottoman State, the majority of whose population live in the countryside, increase production to achieve economic progress; He believed that the situation of the peasantry had to be improved in order to increase production. As a matter of fact, "Agricultural Program of Memalik-i Osmaniye" was announced in 1910 and the steps to be taken were determined. However, as a social problem accumulated by centuries, villages/peasants and peasants have not been able to reach the target for "increasing the commercial capacity of agricultural production". The causes of this failure had deep roots. The training of farmers, the fact that the credits given for agricultural production could not be used for production, the effect of local power focuses in the provinces could not be broken, the desired modernity in the field of tools and equipment could not be achieved, and the structure of the land could not be adapted to commercial agriculture, and the most important reasons were the failure of the agricultural reform to be realized.