The element of "the avenging spirit" in post-1990's japanese horror cinema

Japanese culture is the main source that Japanese cinema feeds off. Traces of horror appear in any field of Japanese culture from mythology to daily life. The ?avenging spirit? element, which is an important component of traditional culture, is widely used in many types of narratives. Furthermore, the ?avenging spirit? element frequently takes place in Japanese horror cinema with the combinaiton of social issues. Rising of horror genre in cinema is generally regarded as a reflection of social problems. There had been corruptions in many reliable institutions following the 1990?s bubble economy era in Japan. Its reflections can be observed in the outputs of Japanese popular culture and also in cinema. It draws attention that majority of these rising horror films are the ones including ?avenging spirit? element. It?s also vital to perceive the importance of ?avenging spirit? element in Japanese cinema to explain the reason why it is taken as a metaphor.