Tomb sculpture as an open space sculpture in 20th century and model practices

Tomb Sculptures as open space sculptures is unique, which originated from the memorial feature created by the social space as well as the physical space separated by graveyard. Tomb Sculpture is a part of the tradition of burial, which is based on primitive or religious impulses, and it carries a functional role in the cultural and social sense of the public area. These sculptures, which are private, began to find their place in open spaces as individual monuments in the 19th century, without the presence of importance like heroes, kings or rulers. Towards the end of the 19th century, with the influence of Symbolism in the Christian cemeteries, it is seen that the designs, especially the figures, were created in a mystical form. In the 20th century, the art object was changed of meaning with concepts such as audience and space; the space which is the object in, has been included in the subject matter. The tomb sculpture has a common stake in terms of its relationship with the physical and social environment that engages in the open space sculpture. However, in terms of application within the physical environment, the individuality of the grave area is reported to be included, and in that the state of remembrance is open to social relations, it has a different place within the open area sculptures. Nowadays tomb sculpture, it is not only a functional element that marks the grave area, but also is an open space and an urban pleasure object. Tomb sculpture tradition, shaped by reforms in the burial area, has been continued its existence with a variety of abstract expressions to the form of describing only the grave owner since 19th century when it was moved to the open space. The themes in the sculptural practices in the scope of "Tomb Sculpture and Model Practices as Open Area Sculpture in the 20th Century" were formed in the context of researches and shaped in this direction.