The establishment of country discourse in The Turkish novel after 2000s

Modern life is concerned with being in the "present" of "today". In the Western example, modern life knocked on the door of the Ancient Period to prove itself. It has regenerated itself by taking advantage of this system of thought in innovation circumstances, which is the outcome of modernity, on the path of its past by adopting the thought system. Even Though there is no forced rule or legal code requiring ideal modern life to be Western-style, most of the societies outside the West, followed the pattern of the Western modernization. The Ottoman Empire, one of these societies, has created a plan for the sake of modernizing its power against the West, even the Empire was not influenced by the West. Although the Ottoman Empire was no longer the subject in the continuation of this road, the republic system endeavored the progress from the same map. Yet, both of those systems tried to find the problem of not being able to modernize, in their self. It is a general conviction that in Turkish modernization, the satisfactory level of "modernization" could not be reached. The conviction, seeking the reason for its backwardness based on traditional life, actually built its style of modernity while facing its past. Local modernization aims to meet the people of that life to modernity by recognizing the lifestyles as traditional which are deemed to prevent progress in its reckoning with itself. Corresponding to this goal, while the place of traditional life in villages, the place of modern life revealed as cities. Local modernization straddled between the cultural war between the city and the village. Both cultures ruralized the lifestyles which they did not want to put in themselves. While cultures forming themselves, they countrified the cultural fundamentals that they do not want to be included in the divisions of city-village, center-periphery. This paper firstly examines how discourses are created to materialize the rurality. The novel genre of literature has an active role in modernization, is chosen as the data source in the study of discourses. The novel functioned as a guide to show communities how to live at the beginning of the modernization adventure. In time this function changed its shape. As modern life spreads to all levels of societies, it resulted in a structural fragmentation in the existing structure, this fragmentation leads to the emergence of new structures in society. Whilst the ideal life model in traditional modernity has an absolute manner; Various ideal life conceptions have emerged in the modernization that constantly reproduces itself. Continuous changing of non-ideal has impacted on novel world in this variety. The novel has begun to indicate the diversity that exists in this diversity rather than the ideal life. By the diversified structures, being rural now means more than living in a village far from the city. The novels, which were written based on their rurality and distance from the center in the period until the 1980s, place the rural in a dubious fiction, both everywhere and nowhere. To trail the ambiguity, this study will first examine the discourses that prepare this ambiguity within history. For the way of modernization, the last periods of the Ottoman Empire and the Early Republic period were selected, and Istanbul and Ankara were chosen as places. The rurality between the two cities will be examined through the selected novels. Further, the reconstruction of rural discourse after 2000, which is the focus of the study will be elaborated. To achieve this purpose, these two novels, one from each author, were selected from Mustafa Kutlu, and Orhan Pamuk. One of the tools to be used in the examination of these structures is the place of the concept of discourse in the sociological field. In addition to this concept of discourse which will be explained benefit from Michel Foucault, Terry Eagleton's way of interpretation of literatüre will be adopted. These discourses produced by the authors of the novels discussed will be tried to explain by the method of interpretation. Keywords: Modernization, City, Country, Novel, Conventional