The investigation of the distribution of sunspot regions inthe 24th solar cycle

The Sun, as the source of life on Earth and the closest star to our planet, has always captivated humanity. Understanding the Sun is an important first step in understanding other stars. Sunspots are relatively cool regions on the Sun's surface that can be observed from Earth, and they are the most distinct observable signs of changes occurring in the Sun's photosphere. These spots have been clear indicators of the Sun's dynamic structure since prehistoric times. Within this dynamic structure, sunspots undergo various phases. Sunspots are born, grow, appear in different locations, have varying lifespans, and can lead to significant solar flares. Many physical factors influence the formation and decay of sunspots, The most important of which is the variation in the Sun's magnetic field. The Sun's differential rotation is the primary cause of the magnetic field changes that lead to the formation of sunspots. Various techniques, especially spectropolarimeters and imaging magnetographs, are used to determine the magnetic fields of sunspots. Changes in the locations, areas, magnetic classifications, and Zurich classifications of sunspots can provide information about which hemisphere of the Sun is more active and offer insights into the changes in the magnetic field during the transition from the Sun's 24th cycle to the 25th cycle. In this study, the characteristics of sunspots, such as their photos, areas, locations, magnetic fields, lifespans, and whether they produced major flares, were examined on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th of each month throughout the year 2023, in both the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun. Additionally, changes in sunspot areas throughout 2023 were graphically displayed. The changes in solar activity during the transition from the 24th to the 25th solar cycle were analyzed in detail. As a result, more sunspot regions were identified in the northern hemisphere of the Sun in 2023. The largest sunspot, measured at 1100 MH, was recorded on July 2nd. It was found that there is a direct correlation between the size of sunspots and the number of sunspots.