Universal design in open and distance learning systems

This research aims at developing and presenting a framework regarding how Universal Design Approach can be implemented in the design of Open and Distance Learning Systems. During the research, Systems Approach and Universal Design Approach guided the framework that would developed. Systems Approach was utilized in the evaluation of Process of Open and Distance Learning as a system, and Universal Design Approach for the processes regarding the design of Open and Distance Learning Systems. In the research, opinions were received from shareholders who have taken part in Open and Distance Learning systems in the process of developing the framework for the application of Universal Design Approach in Open and Distance Learning Systems. At first, opinions of learners were received and then opinions of experts in the areas of Open and Distance Learning and/or Universal Design were received using Delphi Method. The research was designed with a mixed model using both qualitative and quantitative methods in the process of developing the framework. Sequential Exploratory Mixed Method was used in the research. In the first phase of the research, semi-­constructed interviews were conducted with the learners and the qualitative data obtained was analyzed using descriptive analysis method. After that, a Delphi study which was completed in three phases using an expert panel of 35 people, was carried out. The qualitative data obtained in the first phase was analyzed using content analysis and the quantitative data obtained in the second and third phases were analyzed by calculating frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and dispersion. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method for all phases of the research. In the research, a framework was suggested for the application of Universal Design Approach in Open and Distance Learning Systems based on the data obtained as a result of literature reviews and researches. The framework is consisted of 62 criterias under six titles. Furthermore, model applications that will be used in learning process according to the data obtained in literature reviews and researches conducted within the scope of Scientific Research Project, were designed and produced. It is thought that the developed framework can be used to guide institutions and people for the application of Universal Design Approach in Open and Distance Learning Systems and that there should be a detailed study on subdimensions in order to develop a fully efficient system. Keywords: Universal Design, Open and Distance Learning, Delphi Technique