Determination of neonicotinoid group insecticide resistance of Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from cotton grown areas in Adana

Biochemical and molecular methods was used to determine the resistance of the neonicotinoid group insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam) in Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations colected from Cukurova cotton fields. The lowest and highest resistance were determined at Bahçe (RF (Ressistant factor):1.54) and Kürkçüler (RF:10.89) for acetamiprid;at Bebeli (RF:54.62), Kürkçüler (RF:206.55) for Imidaclorpid; at Yumurtalık (RF:5.78), Körkuyu (RF:65.72) for Thiametoxam; at Körkuyu (RF:1.14), Bahçe (RF:38.35) for Clothianidin according to probit analysis of bioassay studies, respectively. While Kürkçüler and Körkuyu were most resistance, Bahçe and Yumurtalık were most susceptible populations. Enzyme analysis revealed statistically higher metabolic resistance. Maximum enzyme activities were 17.8, 142.3 and 3.8 nM/min/mg protein for carboxylesterase for in Korkuyu, for glutathione S-transferase in Bahce and for cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in Korkuyu, respectively. It wasn't found mutation according to RFLP analysis of (nAChR) β1 subunit. This study revealed the development of resistance in A.gossypii to neonicotinoid insecticides in Turkey and the need for new management strategies to break this resistance.