Clinical and radiological results of patients we operated due to adolescent idiopatic scoliosis

Introduction and Objective: The study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients diagnosed with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) who were admitted to Dicle University Orthopedics and Traumatology clinic for surgery. Material and Method: Twenty-eight patients with adequate follow-up and documentation who were diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and underwent fusion surgery with posterior instrumentation at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic between 2011 and 2022 were included in the research. The patients filled out the SRS-22 (Scoliosis Research Society) questionnaire at their last controls. The results of clinical and radiographic examinations obtained before, immediately after, and at the last controls of these patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of the patients diagnosed with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and underwent fusion surgery with posterior instrumentation, 78.6% were female and 21.4% were male. The mean age was 14.79±1.969 (years) and the mean follow-up period was 28.79±16.098 (months). Based on the radiological evaluations, 57.1% were Type I, 3.6% were Type II, 3.6% were Type III, 25% were Type V, and 10.7% were Type VI according to the Lanke classification. According to Risser signs, 7.1% were Stage 2, 14.3% were Stage 3, 57.1% were Stage 4, and 21.4% were Stage 5 patients. The mean Preoperative Cobb angle of the patients was 52.11° in the frontal plane, the mean Postoperative Cobb angle was 7.11°, the correction rate was 87.2%, and the mean Final Cobb angle was 11.07°, and the loss of correction was 7.5%. When the preoperative and postoperative clinical values of the patients were examined, it was seen that the mean Preoperative Cobb angle was 52.11°, the mean Postoperative Cobb angle was 7.11°, the mean Last Cobb angle was 11.07°, the mean Preoperative Kyphosis angle was 29.21°, the mean Postoperative Kyphosis angle was 27.25°, the mean Last Kyphosis angle was 29.71°, the mean Preoperative Lumbar Lordosis angle was 41.89°, mean Postoperative Lumbar Lordosis angle was 40.07°, and mean Last Lumbar Lordosis angle was 41.68°. The SRS-22 questionnaire was applied to the patients included in our study before the operation, and after the operation in the controls. The mean preoperative pain score, external appearance score average, function-activity score average, mental health score average, and satisfaction score average of the patients were 2.9, 2.5, 3.3, 2.9, and 3.53, respectively. The postoperative scores were 4.08, 4.27, 4.15, 3.95, and 4.35, respectively. There was a high-level significant difference between the mean and total scores of patients before and after surgery in all score averages (p<0.001, dependent samples t-test). Accordingly, the highest rate of change was the external appearance subgroup at a rate of 66%. The SRS-22 questionnaire was applied to evaluate the health-related quality of life of our patients. Accordingly, the results obtained in the last follow-up were successful compared to the preoperative values with a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Studies with a larger number of patients and a control group are needed to evaluate the complication rates and outcomes in the treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Keywords: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Clinic, Radiology