The analysis of probable a federal state practice in Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Government, first priority is to provide security, public services and use good governance phenomena to its citizens for a better effective organization. But, the government of Afghanistan has not been able to succeed in this regard. Since the year of 1979, there has been war going on in the country and the Afghan people have been deprived of sufficient security, good public services and good governance. The country suffers from a absence of national unity; and the process of political unification and national building has been very slow. There is not enough respect for the constitution and the country is mostly governed by the tribal leaders and war-lords who have weapons and power. In the last 16 years international coummunity, espcially the western countries, tried to strengthen the rule of law and central governement, and bring national unity and democracy to the country but they failed. This failure has caused many scholars and politicians to think about the causes and find any sollutions. The fundamental problems in Afghanistan are: lack of security-there has been a war going on, lack of national unity, and the presence of too much corruption and the presence of foreign interventions. To find solution(s) to the above problems, there have been many ideas given and one of the ideas is changing the country‟s government system to federalism. Although discussion of federalism has not been new in Afghanistan, the failure of the centralized government system has encouraged many scholars and politicians to talk about it and suggest it as an alternative for the unitary government system. Joschka Fischer, Germany‟s foreign minister (1998-2005), was one of those who believed that federalism is the only way that satisfies the interests of all ethnic groups in Afghanistan and that will lead to the peace and stability in the country (Hadi, 2016: 76). This study seeking the possibility of shifting the government system to federalism in Afghanistan. Supporters of federalism argue that federal system of government provides a good quality of governance and a just sharing of power in a multi-ethnic country-where no majority exists, such as Afghanistan. This study is divided into three chapters: chapter I, explains the basic structure of states and political systems. Chapter II, the concept of federalism and the federal state system are explained in detail. Chapter III, the political and administrative history of Afghanistan has been examined with ethnic groups living in Afghanistan in order to find out about the administrative culture, and, the analysis of the possible practice of federalism as an administrative system in Afghanistan. To make how it functions more comprehensible, the two important examples of federalism from the history have been put under the scope. Thus, arguments on transition to the federal system has given a solid base to be discussed.