Investigation the efficiency of probiotic microorganisms, biopolymer and dietary fiber on aflatoxin M1 bioaccessibility

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is an important mycotoxin with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, most commonly found in milk and dairy products. In this study, the effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides RSKK 06043, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RSKK 08022 as a probiotic, inulin as a prebiotic and chitosan as a biopolymer on AFM1 binding capacity and in vitro digestion model application on AFM1 bioaccessibility in milk were investigated. The free AFM1 level in the created study groups (positive and negative control, AFM1+ S. cerevisiae, AFM1+ L. mesenteroides, AFM1+ S. cerevisiae, L.mesenteroides, AFM1+inulin, AFM1+chitosan, AFM1+S. cerevisiae+ L. mesentorides+inulin, AFM1+ S. cerevisiae+ L. mesentorides+chitosan) was determined by HPLC after incubation, after small intestine and colon in the application of in vitro digestion model. AFM1 binding level after incubation was found to be between 26.7-50.9%. S. cerevisiae had the highest AFM1 binding level; chitosan showed the lowest AFM1 binding level. However, no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). The bioavailability of AFM1 in milk after the in vitro digestion model was 90.35±1.15% after the small intestine; found 81.40±0.00% after the colon. AFM1 bioavailability was significantly reduced after the small intestine in samples that included S. cerevisiae and L. mesenteroides+S. cerevisiae+Chitosan (29.30±2.29%; 54.68±6.79%, respectively; p<0.001). In the other samples, it was determined between 68.37-88.72% (p>0.05). AFM1 bioavailability in samples with post-colon S. cerevisiae and inulin showed a non-significant increase compared to the control group (91.16±4.60% and 96.05±2.23%, respectively; p>0.05). In the other samples, AFM1 bioavailability decreased significantly between 51.55-60.23% (p<0.001). In this study, AFM1 binding capacities of S. cerevisiae, L. mesenteroides, inulin, and chitosan in milk were shown and L. mesenteroides and chitosan were determined to be the most stable biological agents. In addition, chitosan and probiotic bacteria can be used as safe biological agent to reduce the bioaccessibility of aflatoxins in dairy products.