Analysis of thermal tourism facilities in Afyonkarahisar province within the scope of universal design

Tourism refers to the act of an individual departing from their place of residence for a certain period and eventually returning to the same location. While tourism was once regarded merely as a physical activity undertaken for rest and relaxation, it now encompasses an experiential process as well. The uniqueness of each individual has brought about varying desires and needs, which in turn has allowed tourism to diversify based on user experiences. The diverse needs of individuals and the distinctive characteristics of each region have led to the emergence of alternative forms of tourism. One of these alternative forms is thermal tourism, which has maintained its popularity throughout history due to its therapeutic effects on various ailments and conditions. In the past, people constructed thermal baths to benefit from these waters; today, these baths have evolved into thermal tourism facilities that incorporate broader functions and aim to provide a holistic sense of physical and mental well-being. However, physical spaces designed according to average user dimensions hinder equal benefit from these experiences for all users. Therefore, beyond accessibility standards aimed at eliminating physical barriers, there is a need for universal design that aspires to provide more inclusive and equitable spaces in thermal tourism facilities. Universal design advocates for the ability of all users to move independently and equally without the need for additional solutions. Moreover, universal design not only addresses physical barriers but also facilitates the elimination of sociological obstacles. Based on literature reviews, it is believed that this study will make a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge, particularly considering Turkey's potential in thermal tourism. Through this study, sample destinations from thermal tourism centers in Afyonkarahisar—known as Turkey's thermal tourism capital—were selected and examined within the framework of accessibility and universal design. First, a literature review was conducted to provide conceptual explanations. Subsequently, fieldwork involving on-site observation, photography, and face-to-face interviews was carried out to collect data. Following the analysis of these data, evaluations were made and recommendations for addressing the identified shortcomings were provided to conclude the study. This study aims to examine thermal tourism facilities in Afyonkarahisar from the perspective of accessibility and universal design, and to offer suggestions for the improvement of tourism in the region.