Genetic characterization of water buffalo in Afyonkarahisar

This project aims to determine the heterozygosity / homozygosity level of the Afyonkarahisar city buffalo population, to establish a groundwork for explaining the relations between the buffalo populations in Turkey, to develop a test panel that can be used for parental identification in buffalo and to conduct parental control with the help of investigated loci. The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock carried out by the TAGEM to support the "Buffalo People's Reclamation Project" with genetic analysis and to increase the speed of selection. In this study, 21 microsatellite loci were used to determine the genetic structures of the Anatolian buffalos and polymorphsim was determined at 19 (BMS922, CCMB005, CCMB113, CCMB116, CCMB117, CCMB125, CCMB126, CCMB159, CCMB164, CCMB168, DIK1129, DIK1182 , DIK1192, DIK2204, DIK2700, DIK3023, DIK3028, IOBT34 and TGLA23) locus except 2 (AME and CCMB154) locus from these microsatellite locus. A total of 155 different alleles were found in the 19 microsatellite loci examined. Allel number was found highest in CCMB113 and TGLA23 (13 alleles) and lowest in DIK3028 (4 alleles). The average number of alleles per locus was calculated as 8,158. Mean Heterozygosity values; The highest in CCMB113 (0.839) and the lowest in DIK3023 (0.143) were found. When the 19 microsatellite loci studied were evaluated together, the mean heterozygosity value was calculated as 0.651 and this value was observed to be quite high. The reason for this is that the genetic variation in Anatolian buffalos is high in terms of the loci examined. For each locus, the difference between the observed and expected values of the Chi-square and Exact test results was found to be significant in the 14 microsatellites (P<0,001, P<0,01 ve P<0,05), whereas it was not significant in the 5 microsatellites (CCMB126, DIK2204, DIK2700, DIK3023 ve DIK3028). The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the microsatellite markers used in this study is generally high. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value was found to be highest in CCMB113 (0.817) and lowest in DIK3023 (0.139). Since the DIK3023 loci has a low PIC value, it can be said that it would not be very useful to use it in genetic studies to be performed in Anatolian buffalo. The mean PIC value of all studied buffalo was found to be 0.607. The polymorphism of the loci used is highly informative and the locus can be used for genetic characterization studies. Probability of Exclusion (DG-1 and DG-2) values were found; the highest at CCMB113 and TGLA23 locuses (0,726 and 0,842), the lowest at DIK3028 locus (0,328 and 0,504), respectively. The total DG-1 and DG-2 values of the microsatellite loci used in this study were calculated as 0,999 and 1,000. As a result, in determining the genetic structure of buffalos, it has been concluded that polymorphic microsatellite loci can be used in the genetic review of the herd of buffalos in conservation / breeding programs, the average heterozygosity values in comparing buffalo populations, exact test probabilities and PIC value can be used. The fact that the PIC value is high and that the microsatellite loci used can be amplified by one or two multiplex PCR can demonstrate that these loci can be used for pedigree analyzes in buffalo. Key words: buffalo, microsatellite, heterozygosity, Allel frequency, Exact Test, PIC