Determination of biological activity of Akçakesme (Phillyrea latifolia) leaf extract using liquid nitrogen and solvent technique

Many plants and their extracts have been used in the treatment of diseases for centuries. The power of plants to heal diseases and information about it have been transferred between different cultures before today. Plants and their extracts have antimicrobial effects on bacteria, depending on the type, concentration and components of the plant. Plant-derived drugs have always been a great source of hope in the treatment of diseases of microorganism origin. Researchers have also been trying to unravel the chemical composition of plants and unravel their antimicrobial mechanism. Studies have been conducted on the antimicrobial properties of some components of medicinal plants and their mechanisms in living cells. It is known that people who engage in animal husbandry in areas where Phillyrea latifolia grow are known to catch diseases of bacterial origin. It has been observed that there is a problem in the form of smoke on the eye surface due to different reasons, especially in the eyes of ovine and bovine animals. Breeders overcome this problem; They state that by spraying the leaf extract of this plant into the eyes of the animal, they overcome this problem in a period of 24-48 hours. This situation guided us in the design of this study. The aim of the study is to examine the biological activity and antimicrobial activity of the active substance in the leaves of the maple plant (Phillyrea latifolia) using liquid nitrogen and solvents technique. For this purpose, agar dilution, aqueous extract, disc diffusion techniques and grinding of plant leaves with liquid nitrogen method were used in our study. The purpose of the grinding technique of plant leaves with liquid nitrogen method; It is the storage of the ground plant leaf with this method without undergoing physiological and morphological changes. Extractions were made using water, chloroform, methanol, ethanol and acetone solvents. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined using the disk diffusion method. 10 bacteria for the determination of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts (Bacillus cereus ATCC: - , Listeria monocytogenes ATCC:51774, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC:6538, Streptococcus mutans ATCC:35668, Clostridium perfringens ATCC: -, Kleb700sitogenes ATCC:130e, Klebsigensie ATCC:130e, Kleb700sie, ATCC: Kleb700sie, ATCC:130, Kleb seudomonas aeruginosa ATCC:15442, Escherichia coli ATCC:35218, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC: -) were used. Microorganisms, Prof. Dr. Provided by İsa KARAMAN from the culture collection created at the Bioengineering Department of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University. Erythromycin, Gentomicin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Sulbactam / Cefoperazone, Imipenem, Tetracycline (4) antibiotic discs were used for the disc diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test. In our study, it is thought that an antibacterial extract can be obtained from the leaf extract of this plant and it can provide an added value to the studies in this field. With this example, it is aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of the Akçakesme plant and to use the extract obtained for the treatment of similar diseases. In this way, it is thought that the plant will be used as a medicine in antibacterial studies and will be possible natural sources. As a result of the study, in the trials with positive controls of the active substance we obtained from the Akçakesme plant with solvents, it was observed that the zone diameter formed as a result of disk diffusion of Salmonella enteritidis ATCC: - bacterium had a zone diameter equivalent to Tetracycline antibiotic (11 mm), and in the same way, it was observed that the diameter of the zone formed by the disk diffusion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC: 35668 ATCC: 35668 ATCC: 35668 bacterium (14 mm) was equivalent to Tetracycline (4). Although it is thought that the data obtained according to the results of our study will shed light on new studies to be made by contributing to the literature, no antibacterial effect was found in 8 of the 10 bacteria of the plant's active substance in the experiment, and it was determined that it was very less effective in the other 2 bacteria. Keywords: Akçakesme, Extraction, Antibacterial Activity, Disc Diffusion