A systemic literature review on smart cities and industrialengineering applications in smart cities

In the 21st century, due to the rapid development of technology and the creation of new job opportunities, rapid migration has begun from rural areas to cities, leading to the emergence of megacities. However, the unplanned population growth causes various technical, social, economic, and organizational problems that endanger the economic and environmental sustainability of cities. The smart city concept has been introduced to solve these problems and optimize city functions with the help of new technologies. This study includes a systematic literature review of the smart city concept, emphasizing definitions, dimensions, and performance criteria. A general overview of successful smart city applications is presented. One of the critical application areas, smart water measurement systems, is analyzed in detail, and implementation opportunities for the city of Ankara are discussed. The potential benefits of the smart water system are presented in categories. In addition, mathematical modeling problems related to the installation and operation of smart water systems are explained.