A structural equation modelling on perceived parent and teacher academic involvement, academic motivation, and achievement

This study aims to determine the direct and indirect relationships between perceived parental and teacher academic involvement, academic motivation, and achievement in 9th-grade students studying in different high school types. The study considered two dimensions of perceived parental and teacher academic involvement (academic support and monitoring) and three dimensions of academic motivation (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation). The study group of the research, in which structural equation modelling was used to reveal the relationships between the variables, consists of 849 volunteer 9th-grade students studying in science high schools, Anatolian high schools, and vocational and technical Anatolian high schools in Kırklareli in the 2023-2024 academic year. Perceived Parental and Teacher Academic Involvement Scale, Academic Motivation Scale, and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. The Personal Information Form includes demographic information and the 2023 LGS scores of the students. The collected data were analyzed with statistical software. Descriptive statistical techniques and structural equation modelling were used in data analysis. Research findings confirmed that perceived parental and teacher academic involvement positively and significantly affected students' achievement in a large group of participants, including all participants. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and amotivation were also shown to affect achievement significantly. It was found that academic motivation factors mediated the effects of parental and teacher academic involvement on achievement, and the values and significance levels of these effects differed between groups. The study is anticipated to provide strategic recommendations for parents and teachers, essential contributions to policymakers in developing educational policies and practices, and guide the creation of more effective educational programs to increase student achievement.