Sculpture and reliefs findings which found from the Alinda and it's territorium

In this study, the findings of thirteen sculptural artifacts discovered in Alinda ancient city, located in the Karpuzlu district of Aydın province in present-day Turkey, were evaluated. Among these plastic artifacts, three frieze blocks, three altars, a keystone with a relief, an architectural plastic find, four sculpture fragments, and one sculpture were examined. The artworks were evaluated in terms of typology and iconography and dated by comparing them with surrounding centers. The city had not previously undergone an archaeological excavation but had been the subject of surface surveys. Since the examined artifacts were not obtained from an archaeological excavation, the analogy method was employed in their evaluation. In the study, the first section discusses the historical geography of the city. The location of the city and its preserved architectural structures are addressed. The second section focuses on how the city is depicted in ancient sources, the studies conducted in the city, and the data obtained. The third section evaluates the thirteen artifacts found in the city of Alinda in terms of typology and iconography. In the fourth section, sculptures and relief artifacts found in the vicinity of Alinda, specifically in the sacred areas of Alabanda, Labraunda, and Gerga-Kome, are presented. The final section includes the catalog of the artworks. Among the artifacts, the frieze blocks exhibit characteristics of the Late Hellenistic Period. Two frieze blocks depicting a battle scene and another frieze block composed of bull heads and garlands are likely to have been used in a temple, public structure, or monumental tomb. The altar with a relief carving of a labrys is dated to the Classical Period and is believed to be dedicated to Zeus. Another altar dedicated to Zeus features relief carvings referencing sacrificial rituals. The bull head on the altar, which is dated to the Roman Imperial Period, resembles the bull head on the keystone, which is another artwork from the same period, typologically. The lion's paw fragment, evaluated as an architectural plastic find, resembles animal claws used at the ends of seating areas in public buildings such as theaters and bouleuterions. The lion's paw sculpture fragment, dated to the 2nd century AD, serves as a decorative element in structures built during a period of increased construction activity. The sculpture support, considered a copy of a Classical Period sculpture, produced during the Roman Imperial Period, is attributed to the period known as Hadrianic Classicism and is represented in the form of a tree trunk. Two small fragments discussed in the study feature drapery folds of a statue, and they are believed to belong to statues of standing, clothed women. Lastly, the evaluated Zeus statue is of the "seated Zeus" type and is a Roman Imperial Period copy of the original piece produced in the 4th century BC.