The neuroprotective effect of amantadine on central and peripheral neuronal injury in A model of lower extremity ischemia reperfusion injury

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: In lower extremity I-R injury, both local damage to the ischemic tissue and distant organ damage occur in areas outside the ischemic area. In our study, we aimed to demonstrate the protective effect of amantadine at dose of 45 mg/kg biochemically and histopathologically against the effects of lower extremity I-R damage on the central and peripheral nervous system in rats and no study has been done on this subject before. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 24 rats divided into groups of 6. After intraperitoneal anesthesia; Mid-abdominal incision was made in Group S. Group A was administered 45mg/kg amantadine and mid-abdominal incision was made. Group I-R underwent 120 minutes ischemia - 120 minutes reperfusion by clamping the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Group I-R/A was given amantadine and I-R was applied. At the end of 4 hours, blood, brain and sciatic nerve tissue samples taken from rats were analyzed biochemically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Apolipoprotein A1, brain natriuretic peptide and neuron-specific enolase levels were statistically similar between the groups. When the number of Schwan cells, axon damage and myelination damage were evaluated histopathologically, The damage was higher in Group I-R compared to Group S and the damage was reduced in Group I-R/A. In the immunohistochemical evaluation, caspase-3 staining was statistically higher in Group I-R than Group S, and less in Group I-R/A than Group I-R. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, amantadine shows neuroprotective properties against the negative effects of lower extremity I-R damage on central and peripheral nervous system cells. Key words: Amantadine, immunohistochemical analysis, lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury, neuroprotection, rat