The effects of amphotericin b lipid formulaion on rat kidney

Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) or liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AMB) are used in clinics for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B are less toxic than conventional amphotericin B. The goal of our study was to compare the nephrotoxicity effects of Amphotericin B lipid complex and liposomal Amphotericin B which are two separate lipid forms of Amphotericin B on rat kidneys at long and short term treatment applications. For this purpose 36 Wistar Albino rats were divided into six groups. While Group 1 is composed as a control group by administrating intraperitoneal 0, 9 molar Serum physiologic; meantime Group 2 and 3 are treated 5 mg/kg liposomal Amphotericin B and 5 mg/kg Amphotericin B lipid complex for 14 days. While Group 4 is composed as a control group by administrating intraperitoneal 0, 9 molar Serum physiologic for 28 days; meantime Group 5 and 6 are treated 5 mg/kg liposomal Amphotericin B and 5 mg/kg Amphotericin B lipid complex for 28 days. When the blood levels between the control group and experimental groups for 14 and 28 days were compared, no value changes were seen for plasma creatin bun, phosphor, magnesium, sodium and potassium; nevertheless, the decrease was seen plasma chlore. By the way there is a significant difference statistically, which is p value = 0,014< 0, 05. Plasma Sodium and Phosphor values differ between Groups 3 and 6 (p< 0, 05), however no significant difference is observed between Groups 2 and 5 due to electrolyte values. At the ultrastructural examination of 2nd and 3rd Groups, the proximal tubule cells were observed normal. In the epithelial cells of apical cytoplasm, different sized lysosomes and small vacuolar structures were observed. After all in Groups 5 and 6, vacuolar structures are increased which are located in the lysosomes of proximal tubule cells and in the apical cytoplasma. As a result, if the kidney tissues of rats are evaluated at the electron microscopic level which are exposed to the treatment of equal periods (14 and 28 days) and equal dosages (5 mg/kg liposomal Amphotericin B and 5 mg/kg Amphotericin B lipid complex); it is found that proximal and distal tubule epithelial cells are not affected from these treatments after 14th day, but after 28 days this treatment caused little changes in these cells.