The acute toxicological, morphological and histopathological effects of ammonium sulphate on the larval development of common toad (Bufo bufo)

In this study, acute toxicological, morphological and histopathological effects of applied agricultural fertilizer ammonium sulphate in different concentration (0, 75, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg/L) on the larvae in stage Gosner 32 for 96 hours obtained from eggs of Bufo bufo (Common toad) collected from Rize-Çamlıhemşin Çat village on May 2014 were examined. The LC50 value of the ammonium sulphate was calculated as 1155.672 mg / L.As a result of statistical analysis, it was observed that the average lenght and weight of Bufo bufo samples exposed to higher concentration (750 and 1000 mg/L) of ammonium sulfate was reduced. Additionally, it was observed that agricultural fertilizer of ammonium sulfate effects Bufo bufo larvae behavioral and physiological adversely and by the concentration increases slow swimming, death, pigment loss, edema accumulation, shortening of the activity, skewness of the vertebra and tail deformation were increased. Besides, In addition, epithelial degenealanion and loss, vacuolization, edema, pigmentation, necrosis and increased connective tissue and the average percentage seen of dilatation was observed during the histopathological examination of the stomach, liver, intestines, brain, gonad and pronephric tubules sections depending on the amount and concentration of the fertilizer. As a result, at the end of 96-hours acute experiments; the acute morphological, behavioral, physiological and histopathological effects of the agricultural fertilizer ammonium sulphate on larvae of Bufo bufo were revealed for the first time. Key words: Bufo bufo, acute toxicology, Çamlıhemşin, ammonium sulfate, histopathology