Determination of weed species which cause problem in banana (Musa cavendishii Lam. Ex. Payton) archard in Antalya province and allelopathic patential of banana extract an weed species

The current sürvey study was conducted in Alanya and Gazipaşa districts of Antalya province to determine the frequency of occurrence and density of weed species in banana orchards. A total of 25 different orchards in Alanya and 35 orchards in Gazipaşa were sürveyed during 2016 (spring and autumn seasons). During the sürveys, 67 weed species belonging to 22 families, including 1 crytagame, 17 monocotyledons and 49 dicotyledons were recorded. The most frequently observed species with the highest frequencies of occurrence were; Portulaca oleracea L. (57.50%), Amaranthus albus L. (55%), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (46.67%), Oxalis corniculata L. (36.67%) and Cyperus rotundus L. (36.67%). General density was determined to be 27.43 units / m2. The observed weed species were correlated with soil properties of the banana orchards through using SPSS and CANOCO statistical programs. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to correlate weed species with soil properties. As a result of the analyzes, CCA explained 81% of the variation in weed distribution in the region and provided insights that some other factors rather than soil properties also influenced the distribution of weed species in the region. Laboratory studies were also conducted to determine the allelopathic effect of different parts of banana plant (i.e., trunk, leaf and bunches) on different plant species. In these studies, water extracts of Musa cavendishii Lam. Ex. Payton were used in different concentrations (0% = Control, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%). The extracts in desired concentrations were applied to petri dishes in which seeds of test plant species were placed and incubated under laboratory conditions. Different plant species, i.e., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Avena sterilis L., Chenopodium album L., Cuscuta spp., Solanum nigrum L., Sinapis arvensis L., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Lepidium sativum L. , Cucumis sativus L. and Phaseolis vulgaris L. were used as test plant species in the laboratory studies. Water extracts exhibited allelopathic effects on test plant species in Petri experiments, and these effects vary depending on the test plant species, the extract type used and the dose of the application. It was determined that water extracts prepared with bunces of banana had a varying degree of allelopathic effect on the test plant species compared to trunk and leaf extracts. The extracts, which were found effective in laboratory studies, were applied to 4-week test plants grown in pots under controlled greenhouse conditions. In the pot studies, parallel results were obtained with Petri dish experiments, but the inhibitory effect in greenhouse studies was higher than the pot studies. It is concluded that weed species in banana orchards need effective management. In the extract studies, it was concluded that the extracts of banana bunches could be a potential bio herbicide; however, more detailed studies are needed in this regard. KEYWORDS: Plant extracts, Weed distribution, Musa cavendishii, Allelopathy