Determination of the phenological, biological and pomological properties of some almond varieties growing in the special silviculture area in Antalya conditions

In this study, the aim of this study was to determine phenological, biological and pomological characteristics of some almond Prunus dulcis (Mill.) cultivars grown in Antalya conditions at 2018-2019 years. In this study, 'Texas' varietiy was used as pollinator varieties while 'Nonpareil' used main variety. In experiment, phenological (bud swell, bud break, foliation, beginning of flowering, full bloom, post bloom, fruit harvest), biological (pollen viability rate, pollen germination rate, pollen production rate, fruit set, fruit development and fruit yield), pomological (color measurements, weight, lenght, width, thickness of shell fruit and unshelled fruit) properties were examined. In addition, total fat, total protein, moisture and ash contents of mature almonds were determined. At the end of the study, the flowering period was observed in 2018 was 21 days ('Tuono') and 14 days ('Texas'), in 2019 16 days ('Nonpareil') and 14 days ('Texas'). When the fruit harvest date is examined; in 2018 'Tuono' (10 July), 'Nonpareil' (16July) and 'Texas' (19 July) were followed. In 2019, while harvested early 'Nonpareil' (8 Agust), 'Tuono' (9 Agust) and then 'Texas' (26 Agust) variety matured later. In biological investigations, the amuont of anther was maximum 'Texas' (38.35 piece) and the minimum amount of anther was 'Nonpareil' (26.70 piece). The amount of pollen in one flower maximum 'Nonpareil' (29330 piece), minimum 'Tuon' (21000 piece) varieties were obtained. In terms of pollen germination rate of the cultivars, the highest value 'Nonpareil' (%81.59) and the lowest value was found as 'Tuono' (%76.75) in 2018. Over agains, the highest pollen viability rate was obtained from 'Tuonol' (94.70%) and the lowest was from 'Texas' (88.00%) in 2019. In both trial years, the highest fruit set rate 'Tuono' and the lowest fruit set rate 'Nonpareil' was determined. In fruit measurements made in two years, fruit lenght 'Nonpareil', fruit width 'Tuono' and fruit thickness 'Texas' varieties they gave the highest values. As a result of this study, due to late flowering of 'Texas' almond variety, which is used as pollinator, 'Nonpareil' is not a suitable pollinator ıt was supported by the findings. Total fat content in ' Nonpareil' Tuono' and 'Texas' varieties were found as 14.31%, 16.30% and 19.72.7% respectively, in year 2018 while it was 19.40%, 17.38 % and 16.88.5% in year 2019. Similarly, protein contents of varieties were higher in 2019 than that found in 2018 except that of 'Tuono'.. It was found that total protein amounts of varieties (Nonpareil, Tuono and Texas, respectively) were 32.43%, 54.03% and 40.93% in year 2018 while 44.76%, 42.00% and 53.86% in year 2019.