Forming of gender mainstreaming in the ancient Greek and Roman societies and sexuality

The cognitive evolution of human brought with it a new era which human abandoned seeing itself as a part of nature. In the Neolithic period, human became a power that no longer finds its food by coincidentally, producing its own food and thereby capturing the land. The conquest of the mother earth has brought many transformations by itself. The people who can produce their own food, beyond their ability to determine their destiny, the old cones-nomads living in small communities, have already met with resident life, and they have preserved and stored food. Also they have had to create the state organization to protect their food. Social relations have become even more complex and the gender inequalities between the sexes have begun to emerge significantly. The patriarchal period, which still continues its presence, and the matriarchal period which keeping equal fertility of the woman and fertility of soil, the blood bond is determined by the mother is over. The new system brought with the life of the resident, the trail of the woman began to be erased, while the cult of the Mother Goddess continued to exist effectively in such a way that it contradicted it. Although this cult with the Phrygians' Cybele shows its traces in the Greek and Roman world, a strict male-dominated culture is waiting for us. Most researchers, thinks gender inequality, which is considered to be the most fundamental problem in the ongoing women struggle emergence in Ancient Greek. In fact, when we look at the life styles of the Greeks, women only played a role in the reproduction of men. The woman has always been obliged to be at the behest of her master called kyrios. Kyrios, sometimes the father, sometimes has been another relative or husband; if none of them were alive, the woman had to be subject to the order of her own son. Although they cannot leave the house alone, they are forbidden even with the household to enter into the andron that room of the man. Especially in the periods when men started to play an active role in cities together with democracy, in the feasts organized by the men, even the women living in the households could create a very unpleasant situation. It is observed that the ancient Greek thinkers always see the female body as inadequate as compared to the male and female physiology. That's why women's intelligence is under the intelligence of men and the man has to educate the woman he married. Hetairas, the only women group in the community, who were respected and acted in a comfortable manner, were able to develop themselves in every field in an interesting way and were able to participate in the men's world, especially in the feasts. It is not surprising that the male body was blessed and idealized in the Greek society, which was believed to have been woman body created as a curse, especially in the gymnasium where men were engaged in sport activities as naked. It would be wrong for us to expect Greek women to show themselves as athletes in gymansium excluding Sparta. At that time, the Greeks' exposing themselves to young girls in Sparta is considered immoral. In the works of the Greek Archaic Period, it is seen that the kuros men' statues are known to be naked, while kores the young girls' statues are always dressed. The nakedness of the female body did not appear until the Helenistic period. In a society that is accepted as women incomplete from men in terms of mind, it is assumed that women are both emotionally and socially sufficient. This situation has given birth to a tradition in Greek society, which is termed boyhoodism. However, here boyhoodism is not seen as homosexuality. There is no equivalent of the concept of homosexuality in Greek. The seperation of two men, who were effectively and passively separated, was organized as the teacher of the active and passive student. This relationship is in fact a condition of the acceptance of the new male to society. The beginning of this relationship based on education and bed, is considered to be 12-13 years old when the boy enters the new adolescence. The period when the bristles begin to appear indicates the end of the relationship. Although there is a passive person in this relationship, men who have feminine characteristics are isolated by society. The reason why these males show these characteristics is explained by the inadequacy of the body temperature. While the Helenistic period brought about changes in the Greek world, it started to open the doors of women to socialize. This period was in which women's freedoms began to emerge slowly; women's names in art, philosophy and literature are now appearing. The bed relations between the men themselves started to lose their importance in this period. In the early period, Rome, which emerged with the loss of the importance of the Greeks now, has begun to show itself with a strict patriarchal system. We see that the father, who is the absolute ruler of the family structure, has the full authority in the Early Imperial Period and intervenes the rights of the individuals in the household, while the woman does not have any right to speak. However, in advance of the process, the woman started to have a voice in and out of the house and even with the emperor in the country's administration, she had a place in it. Homosexuality is also active and passive concept in this society, far away from its current meaning. In Rome, a slave society, passivity is only valid for slaves, and it is not welcomed that a free citizen is passive, and even under laws, it is a matter of sanction. This study can be summarized as a simple look at the daily life of the peoples of Greece and Rome. In these two successive cultures, women, men, their approach to homosexuality, how the institution of marriage works, the place of prostitutes in society, the gods and goddesses who have similar characteristics with people will be mentioned. Keywords: Biological Sex, Gender, Woman, Man, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome.