Apartman tipi konutlara ilişkin mantıksal bir argumentasyon: 1950 – 2020 İstanbul Feneryolu örneği

This study endeavours to demonstrate how spatial arrangement in the modernised Turkish apartment-type dwelling has evolved depending on infrastructural, legislative, technological, and social factors. The aim of this study is to shed light on the diversity in the spatial configurations of apartment-type dwellings in Istanbul between 1950-2020 and the relationship between syntactic transformations, semantic values, and the historical breaking points. It is explicit that the transformation in residential interiors is linked to social transformations as well as external factors. Housing policies in Turkey, industrialisation, standardisation and transition to mass production in construction materials, apartmentisation, modernisation in domestic life, change in family structure and their impact on the interior space are all taken into significant consideration in this study. Furthermore, in the theoretical discussion section, the meaning of space, society – space and the formation of dwelling are discussed. As a case study, the transformations in the spatial configuration of Istanbul-Feneryolu residences from the 1950s, when the first apartment type residences were seen in the neighbourhood, to 2020 are examined. External factors, which are the radical cause of the change in housing forms, were defined as the breaking point and divided the seventy-year period into 4 periods. These periods are 1950-1965, 1965-1980, 1980-2000, and 2000-2020. In analyses conducted with Syntax 2D software, mean isovist area, perimeter, compactness, circularity, radial mean, standard deviation, mean depth, and integration parameters are utilised. The dwellings are examined over four periods and three functional areas for each apartment, namely Living Area, Bedroom Area and Service Area. The relationship is established between the syntactic values of the functional areas and the infrastructural, legislative, technological, and social factors of the periods. One example of this is the living area gained a central importance in the plan scheme and became the unit where socialisation is highest. In the service area, a new unit, 'corridor', which is the only multipermeable unit in the planning scheme, emerged. Furthermore, with the increasing the importance of social spaces such as the kitchen, the syntactic values of the Service Area increased in general, except for the mean depth value. Due to land subdivision works, appropriate and rational plan solutions were produced in accordance with the land geometry. As a result of this, the bedroom areas became secondary units with high depth value, although residential users spend time individually in bedroom areas thanks to the introduction of heating systems, the internet, and smartphones. Briefly, this study scrutinizes the relation of syntactic transformation in the Living Area, Service Area, and Bedroom Area of the apartment type dwellings with the infrastructural, legislative, technological, and social factors.