Conservation and restoration applications of archaeological copper artifacts: An example of copper vessel from Hadrianopolis

This thesis addresses the conservation and restoration processes of copper artifacts, which are frequently encountered in archaeological contexts, from both theoretical and practical perspectives. In the first part of the study, the metallurgical development of copper from prehistoric times to the present, the advances in alloy technologies, and the functional as well as aesthetic roles of this metal in cultural contexts are evaluated through a literature-based analysis. Subsequently, the deterioration mechanisms of copper and copper alloys are examined in detail within the framework of physical, chemical, and biological factors, with particular emphasis on the formation processes of corrosion products and their impact on artifacts. In the practical section, the conservation process carried out on a copper artifact unearthed in the ancient city of Hadrianopolis is presented. Within this process, comprehensive documentation was first undertaken, followed by scientific analyses performed using methods such as Optical Microscopy, Radiographic Imaging, XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Based on the analytical results, interventions including surface cleaning, chemical stabilization, proper packaging, and controlled storage were implemented, while the artifact was carefully removed from the excavation site for preservation. All treatments were conducted in accordance with the principle of preserving the original structure of the artifact, adhering to ethical standards, and applying reversible and controlled methods. This study not only provides a practical example of the conservation of copper artifacts but also offers complementary contributions to the gaps in the existing literature. The findings emphasize the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in ensuring the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage and establish a methodological framework for future studies.