Arthur Schopenhauer's moral philosophy and pessimizm

The purpose of this study is to examine Schopenhauer's moral thought and pessimism. Existence in Schopenhauer philosophy manifests itself as will and design. Design is the appearance and manifestation of the universe. Existence is design. Will is the esence and substance of being, which is at the heart of everything. Will is invariable, indestructible, free and infinite. Everything in the universe runs in the service of will. It establishes itself as desire and desire in the living world. Ethics of compassion states that man is the product of the same essence as all living things. This directs people to empathize with all living thing sand to make them feel sympathetic. The illusion of compassion difference shows that everything is the same. The selfishness that is opposed to compassion is that living things concentrate only on their interests and interest sand do not care about other beings. The condition of every action that expresses moral value is that it is free from selfishness. Suicide is not the right way out because it destroys its appearance rather than the will itself. Art is a human activity that brings people together with idea and saves them from the world of phenomena. The function of history is to unearth the constant in the world of change and to find the universal and singular in the history and present it to the service of humanity. Religion is the metaphysics of the people who present themselves in the form of demonstrations and representations. Religion is the concrete expression of truth. Pessimism is the teaching that argues that the pain and suffering in the universe is more than joy and joy, and that the world lacks the necessary equipment and means for the happiness of human beings and other living things. As a solution to the suffering and evil problem of existence in philosophy; there are those who argue that evil reflects the absence of goodness, is a necessity for harmony in the universe, or advocates the mediocrity of evil in the universe. According to Schopenhauer, the universe is the worst place, happiness is only a dream. It is for people to find ways of not being unhappy. Optimism is bad because it underestimates human suffering. Keywords: Morality, Will, Design, Compassion, Egoism, Evil, Pessimism.