Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in grapevine

In this study, the effects of different media, plant growth regulators and incubation conditions on the plant regeneration from different explants of 41 B American rootstock and Yalova incisi ev. (Vitis vinifera L.) table grape through somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis were investigated. In the somatic embryogenesis part of the study, as the source of explants, anther, in vivo and in vitro lamina and petiole, tendril, immature and mature zygotic embryo were used. For organogenesis part, lamina and petiole were isolated from in vitro shoots. From all explants used in somatic embryogenesis occurred embryogenic callus at different rates dependent on different applications. Somatic embryos were only obtained from immature zygotic embryo explants. Immature zygotic embryos of 41 B rootstock cultured on MS, NN and B5 medium supplemented with 0.S, 1, 2 and 4 mg/1 2,4-D produced in different rates of somatic embryos both in light and dark culture conditions. The highest somatic embryo formation rate was determined on BS medium containing 0.5 and 1 mg/1 2,4-D cultured in dark condition (30% and 28.9% respectively). Immature zygotic embryos of Yalova İncisi produced somatic embryo at 5 percent only in light cultures of MS supplemented with 1 mg/1 2,4-D and besides this in light and dark cultures of NN containing 0.5 mg/1 2,4-D 6.3% and 2.3% rate respectively. After 8 months of culture on B5 + 1 mg/1 2,4-D + dark cultures of 41 B 559 embryos and on NN + 0.5 mg/1 2,4-D + light cultures of Yalova İncisi 912 embryos at torpedo stage has been determined. The highest germination rate and converting to plantlets rate obtained from 41 B on free NN medium (58% and 75% respectively) and from Yalova İncisi on free MS medium (77.4% and 45% respectively). 91.9 % of the regenerated somatic plantlets were successfully transferred to soil. Adventitious bud formation in organogenesis studies, lamina was determined as the most suitable explants for bom genotypes. In addition, on B5 and NN media supplemented with 2 mg/1 BA were obtained the higher values than the other applications. Key Words: Grapevine {Vitis vinifera L.), Regeneration, Somatic embryo, Adventitious bud formation, Callus