Morphometric characterization of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genetic resources

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is economically important oilseed crop species in the world with its high oil content (45-50%) and quality. The sunflower, whose origin is North America, as local varieties grown in different ecological regions of Turkey for oil and confectionary local varieties exhibit a wide variation. The material of this study was the sunflower genetic resources collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Turkey. A total of 254 local varieties were used in this study as oil, confectionary and ornamental form. In the study; Observations and measurements were performed in total 43 characters that were identified in the UPOV and IBPGRI identification lists in terms of morphological, phenological and technological. The data obtained in the Augmented Trial Design were evaluated by the Principal Component Analysis and the Cluster Analysis. The confectionary samples consisted of 13 ABA (PRIN), while 12 ABA (PRIN) were formed in the oil samples and the distributions of the samples were interpreted. In the case of confectionery and fat samples, large variations were determined in terms of quantitative characters (days to 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height (cm), steam lower diameter (cm), steam upper diameter (cm), leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), head diameter (cm), seed width (mm), seed lenght (mm), plant yield (g/tabla), oil content (%) and 1000 grain seed weight (g). In terms of qualitative characters, high variation was observed all the characters in the confectionary examples without leaf shape. In oil samples, high variation was observed in the head shape, seed shape, uniformity, plant growth and plant branching. Variation in other characters was observed lower rate than oil sample. As a result; the definitions made according to these characters will be used in future breeding trials selection of oil and confectionary material suitable for consumer demands, it is thought that it will provide great convenience to breeders and researchers in terms of kind of rehabilitation. In addition; the gene source material that was replicated with production / renewal, has been long-term storage in the National Seed Gene Bank is another result obtained. Thus, the gene source material will be prevented in this way as it is now and in the future.